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T32hl 


A 


ON      THE 


IRREGULAR  &  DEFECTIVE 
GREEK  VERBS 

By    ti)e 

vev,  F.  St,  J.Tbaokepay,  M.A . 


Ex  Libris 
C.  K.  OGDEN 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


EXERCISES 


ON      THE 


IRREGULAR    AND    DEFECTIVE 
GREEK    VERBS. 


BY    THE 


Rev.    F.    St.    J.    THACKERAY,    M.  A. 

Late    Fellow   of  Lincoln    College,    Oxford  ; 
Assistant  Master  at  Eton  College. 


ETON:      WILLIAMS      8c      SON; 

LONDON  :    SIMPKIN,  MARSHALL,  &  CO. 
I877. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/exercisesonirregOOthac 


/ft 


/ 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  following  Exercises,  on  an  important  branch  of  the 
Greek  Accidence,  are  intended  for  boys  who  have  already  a 
fair  knowledge  of  the  Grammar,  but  may  be  benefited  by 
giving  more  special  attention  for  a  time  to  this  particular 
portion  of  it.  The  object  aimed  at  is  to  familiarize  the 
learner  with  the  chief  Irregular  and  Defective  Verbal  forms 
of  most  frequent  occurrence,  the  accurate  use  of  which  is 
so  essential  for  composition  in  Greek  Prose.  No  Verbs,  and 
no  parts  of  Verbs  (with  the  exception  of  a  very  few  poetic 
forms  specified),  are  admitted  among  those  with  which  the 
Exercises  deal,  for  which  there  is  not  authority  in  the  Attic 
Prose  authors  of  the  best  period.  Each  Exercise  is  intended 
to  exemplify  all  the  principal  parts  of  the  Verb,  while  at  the 
same  time  some  of  the  idiomatic  uses  have  been  introduced. 
The  order  adopted  follows  the  classification  of  Curtius  in 
his  Grammar;  and  the  Third  Edition  of  Veitch's  work 
has  been  consulted  throughout.  Prefixed  to  each  Exercise 
are  the  Tenses  formed  from  the  true  stem  ;  the  remainder, 
which  are  formed  from  these,  being  omitted :  (for  their 
formation  see  Parry's  Greek  Grammar,  68).  A  note  is 
added  where  Compound  Verbs  are  to  be  employed,  and 
attention  is  drawn  to  those  parts  of  the  simple  Verb  which 
never  occur.  For  the  chief  words  required  a  Vocabulary  is 
subjoined. 


Eton  : 
April  28th,  1877. 


CONTENTS. 


First  Class. — Where  the  Present  Slem   is  like  the 
Verbal  Stem. 


Exercise 

r   c/  Uliv     kjvgiic. 

Page 

I. 

uya> 

. 

II. 

UKOVOi 

. 

2 

III. 

anoXava) 

ib. 

IV. 

•yeXdco 

. 

3 

V. 

8ea> 

. 

ib. 

VI. 

Se^o/Ltai 

4 

VII. 

8ia>Kco 

ib. 

VIII. 

&  (sup 

jleir.entcd  by  fii6a>) 

5 

IX. 

rpecpa 

ib. 

X. 

8taKeyopai                       .                      . 

6 

XI. 

aiydo) 

. 

ib. 

XII. 

airev8co, 

(rnevbopai      . 

7 

XIII. 

TpfTTCO 

ib. 

Second 

Class.— 

-Where    the  Present  Stem  lengthens  the 
Verbal  Stem  Vowel. 

XIV. 

a\ei(p(0 

8 

XV. 

(pevyco 

ib. 

XVI. 

7rXeco 

. 

9 

Third  Class  omitted  as  presenting  no  special  difficulty. 


?0UiiTH    Class.—  Where    the   Present    Stem    adds    i 

to 

the 

Verbal   Stem. 

XV!  I. 

alpa             .... 

10 

XVIII. 

eyeipa 

ib. 

XIX. 

K.a6(£op.ai                         .                      .                     i 

11 

XX. 

KCUCO                   ...                                i 

12 

XXI. 

Kkaio)          .                     •                     o 

ib. 

XXII. 

aTTOKplvo),    unoKpLVopcu 

13 

XXIII. 

dnoKTfivo)                        t 

14 

XXIV. 

ucpetXco        .... 

15 

XXV. 

7rA/;a-crco  (supplemented  by  7ratco  and  nardcra 

") 

ib. 

VI 


Contents. 


EXERI  l  SE 

Pagi 

Fifth  Class. — Where 

the  Present  Stem  adds  v,  dv, 

or  ve 

to  til 

e  Verbal  Stem. 

XXVI. 

aladdvopai 

, 

16 

XXVII. 

dpuprdvu) 

. 

17 

XXVIII. 

av^dpui 

. 

ib. 

XXIX. 

8ciKVU> 

, 

18 

XXX. 

eXavvoo 

, 

ib. 

XXXI. 

a7re^^ai'o/xat 

. 

19 

XXXII. 

KCljXVU) 

ib. 

XXXIII. 

\av6dvco,    eVtA 

avOdvojxai 

20 

XXXIV. 

\ayxdv<0 

. 

ib. 

XXXV. 

6(j)\l<TK.dv<t> 

21 

XXXVI. 

nvvddvopai 

. 

ib. 

XXXVII. 

vnicrxvtoiiai 

. 

22 

XXXVIII. 

(bddvco 

. 

ib. 

Sixth  Class.  —  Where  the  Present  Stem  adds  <tk  or  htk 
to  the   Verbal  Stem. 

XXXIX.      oXlaKofxai  .  .  .22 

XL.      dva\l(TKa>    .  .  .  .23 

XLI.      a7ro8i§pd(TKCi>  .  .  .24 

XLII.     TriTTpdcrKO)  (supplemented  by  dTro8ibop.ai)  .         ib. 


Seventh  Class. — Where  a  short  Stem  alter  nates  with  one 
enlarged  by  e. 


XLIII. 

aiSeo/xat 

25 

XLIV. 

axdo/xai 

ib. 

XLV. 

fiov\o[Aai 

26 

XLVI. 

teofiai 

1 

ib. 

XLVII. 

pd^opai 

. 

27 

XLVIII. 

o'lopcu 

ib. 

XLIX. 

pea> 

28 

L. 

Xaipa 

ib. 

LI. 

wviopai  (supplemented  by  inpidp.i]v) 

29 

LII. 

0)6  (CO 

30 

Contents. 


vn 


Exercise  Page 

Eighth  or  Mixed  Class. —  Where  several  essentially 
different  Stems  unite  to  form  one  Verb. 

LIII.      alpeco           .  .  .  .30 

LIV.      eiropai        .  .  .  .31 

LV.      e^co              .  .  .  ib. 

LVI.     6paa>         .  .  .  .32 

LVII.      rpe)(<o          .  .  .  .33 


Verbs  in  pi.     First  Class,  where  pi  is  joined  directly  to 

the  Verbal  Stem. 

LVIII.      iniarapai   ....  ib. 

LIX.      trjpt  .  .  .  .34 

LX.      eipi  .  .  .  .ib. 

LXI.     6vivr)p,i      .  .  .  .35 


Second  Class,  where  w  is  added  between  the  Verbal  Stem 
and  pi. 

LXII.      Kardyvvp-i                       .                    .  .35' 

LXI  II.      dp.(f)Uvvvp.i                     .                    .  .36 


Vocabulary 


37—42 


ERRATUM. 


rage  22,  Sixth  Class,  for  Indicatives  read  Indicatives. 


EXERCISES 

ON    THE 

IRREGULAR  AND  DEFECTIVE 
GREEK  VERBS. 


First  Class. — The  Present  Stem  is  like  the  Verbal  Stem. 

EXERCISE      I . 

aya),  to  lead. 
Verbal  stem       Future        Aorist        Perfect  Act.      Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
ay  a%a)       tfyayov   (See  Note  2)      rjjfxai,  VX^VV 

I.  Whither  and  to  whom  do  we  bring  those  who  are 
suffering  from  bodily  illness  ?  2.  The  two  came  leading  Pro- 
dicus.  3.  Let  us  follow  in  whatever  direction  our  discourse 
shall  have  led  us.  4.  Will  you  both  of  you  repent  when 
you  have  married  a  wife?  5.  lMi>ul  you  come  yourself  and 
bring  others.  6.  If  he  has  done  this,  shall  he  not  be  brought 
into  court  and  pay  the  penalty  ?  7.  He  had  been  conducted 
badly  by  his  guide;  we  have  been  led  rightly.  8.  We  must 
conduct  them  on  horseback  to  the  spectacle.  9.  2Have  you 
really,  as  I  hear,  collected  many  writings  of  those  who  have 
the  reputation  of  having  been  wise  men  ?  10.  Consider 
shortly  to  what  a  depth  of  disgrace  and  infamy  he  has 
brought  the  commonwealth.  11.  It  is  time  to  sput  out  to 
sea.     12.  Will  you  not  ^restore  the  exiles  ? 

1  cIttcds,  with  future.  "  Use  ffvi>T)xa  here,  and  in  the  next  sentence  irportx^ 
The  perfect  in  the  simple  verb  is  wanting.  ayrjoxa  is  not  Attic.  3  Middle 
verb,  compound  with  ava.     4  Compound  with  Kara. 

1 


2  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      II. 

aicovto,  to  hear. 

Verbal  stem         Future  Aorist        Perfect       Per/.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 

clkov        a/covcrofAat,  rjKovaa    aic/]Koa     wanting      rjKOvaOrjV 
Rt.  (koF) 

i.  You  hear,  TEschines,  the  l testimony  borne  bv  these  men? 
2.  I  will  gladly  hear  your  opinion.  3.  I  think  you  will  hear  a 
strange  story.  4.  It  must  be  heard,  however.  5.  ^Your  audience 
are  neither  stupid  nor  incredulous  nor  unfriendly.  6.  We 
know  nothing  and  have  heard  nothing  from  any  other  quarter. 
7.  He  had  heard  some  of  the  philosophers.  8.  He  says  he 
has  been  ill-spoken  of.  9.  There  is  znotJiino  like  hearing  the 
law  itself.  10.  Let  us  go  and  hear  the  man.  11.  Recollect 
this  when  heard.    12.  If  you  were  to  hear  me  you  would  obey. 

1  The  things  testified  (/xapTvptw).    2  Those  who  will  hear  yon.    3  ovSiv  olov. 


EXERCISE      III. 

airoXava),  to  enjoy. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

Xav,  (Rt.  Xaf)       aTroXavaofiat        airekavaa        cnroXeXavKa 

1.  Do  you  enjoy  leisure  r  2.  I  shall  enjoy  neither  leisure 
nor  quiet  here.  3.  I  will  go  to  Socrates  that  I  may  enjoy  his 
discourses.  4.  What  do  you  think  is  the  greatest  advantage 
that  you  have  derived  lfrom  being  wealthy  ?  5.  This  is  what  I 
reaped  from  my  partnership  with  him.  6.  The  majority  are 
content  with  a  life  2qf  enjoyment. 
• 

1  Genitive  :  use  the  article  and  the  infinitive.         •  airo\avariK6s. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  3 

EXERCISE     IV. 

yeXdeo,  to  laugh. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perf.  Pass.  Aor.  Pass. 

<y€\a       yeXdao/xai     iyeXacra  wanting,         iyeXdadr/v 

KarayejeXaa/uiac  occurs 

i.  Do  you  laugh  ?  2.  I  would  gladly  laugh.  3.  They  both 
laughed  as  they  looked  at  one  another.  4.  I  shall  laugh  my- 
self when  I  take  the  money.  5.  He  will  weep  whenever  we 
laugh  at  him.  6.  A  laugh  was  raised  at  these  words.  7.  This 
is  truly  1  ridiculous.  8.  You  have  certainly  not  made  me 
laugh  now  though  I  was  2  ready  to  do  so. 

1  Verbal :  compound  with  nard..  '2  Desiderative  in  -<ruw. 


EXERCISE      V. 

Seo>,  to  bind. 

Verbal  stem      Future        Aorist        Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.        Aor.  Pass. 
8e  hrjcrco      ehrjaa         8e8e/ca         SeSefxat  iZedr/v 

1.  The  officer  was  binding  Demosthenes  and  leading  him 
to  prison.  2.  He  said  he  would  not  bind  a  single  Athenian. 
3.  True  opinions  are  not  worth  much  until  one  binds  them 
with  the  chain  of  the  cause.  4.  Did  they  put  the  Corcyrseans 
under  arrest  ?  5.  Yes ;  and  they  kept  them  under  arrest  a 
long  time.  6.  Let  the  tyrant  be  bound  1at  once.  7.  He  has 
already  been  bound.  8.  When  he  shall  have  been  in  prison 
two  years  he  may  be  released.  9.  Then,  and  not  till  then, 
when  you  have  been  bound  with  arguments  of  iron  and  ada- 
mant, so  to  speak,  will  I  let  you  go.  10.  Some  of  the  ships 
they  a lashed  and  towed  away  empty,  and  one  they  captured 
crew  z and  all.  11.  This  is  the  state  in  which  the  soul  is 
most  enthralled  by  the  body. 

1  Expressed  by  using  the  Perfect  Passive  Imperative.  -  Use  compound 
with  avd  here  and  with  Kara,  in  the  next  sentence.  Observe  that  Sew  and 
its  compounds,  contrary  to  the  rule  of  dissyllable  verbs  in  ecu,  contract  eo  as 
well  as  ee  and  «ei.         3  Dative  of  avr6s. 


Exercises   on  the 


EXERCISE      VI. 


Se^ofiai,  to  receive. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect  Aor.  Pass. 

&eX  Be^Ofiai        i8ej;dfi7]v        SeSeyfiai  iBi^Orjv 

i.  Do  you  then  admit  this  argument  which  is  now  offered  ? 
2.  Let  him  give  and  take.  3.  Should  they  receive  any  bribe, 
let  them  pay  the  penalty.  4.  Dyers  prepare  wool  beforehand 
that  it  may  take  the  colour  in  full  perfection.  5.  Imagine 
that  we  similarly  were  only  contriving  how  our  men  might 
best  take  as  it  were  the  colour  of  the  laws.  6.  He  has  ac- 
cepted the  oath  which  they  tendered  him  shamefully.  7.  I 
would  be  ready  to  go  through  anything  rather  than  live  in  that 
fashion.  8.  You  would  not  have  been  ^received  into  the 
house.  2g.  If  any  one  after  all  should  find  fault  with  any- 
thing, let  us  understand  each  other  favourably.  10.  We  must 
not  accept  (the  statement)  from  this  man  who  is  cheating  us. 

1  Compound  with  els.     *  In  this  and  in  the  next   sentence  use  the  com- 
pound with  air6, — in  the  last  the  Verbal. 


EXERCISE      VII. 

Sicokg),  to  pursue. 
Verbal  stem         Future  Aorist        Perfect        Perf.  Pass.        Aor.  Pass. 

Slcok  8ia)%G),        iSioo^a  SeSlco-^a    wanting      i8tco)^0r)v 

but  Stco^ofxac  is  more  Attic 

1.  Do  you  not  pursue  honour  as  good  ?  2.  The  hound  will 
pursue  the  track  of  the  hare.  3.  How  long  have  you  pursued 
that  pleasure  ?  4.  One  lmust  pursue  justice  rather  than  mag- 
nificent display.  5.  Both  these  things  are  to  %be  pursued  and 
not  to  2be  shunned.  6.  To  be  prosecutor  and  to  be  defendant 
are  very  different. 

1  Verbal  in  rios.  a  Verbals  in  ros. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  5 

EXERCISE     VIII. 

tja,  fa  live  (supplemented  by  fiioco). 
Verbal  stem         Future  Aorist  Perfect  Perf.  Pass. 

&  ty)<TW  ifticoca,  fiefiiw/ca     fieftLwpai 

^rjcrofiai  i/3icov 

but  more  commonly 
fiicoaofAai 
I.  Where  used  you  two  to  live  ?  2.  We  Hived  at  Athens. 
3.  He  has  lived  there  happily  for  twelve  years.  4.  Let  him 
live  there  as  before.  5.  While  his  father  was  living  he  used 
to  go  daily  to  a  master.  6.  To  all  men  living  there  is  more 
or  less  pain.  7.  The  pleasure  of  living  contentedly  is  great. 
8.  Consider  Hhe  actio?is  of  my  life  and  yours. 

1  In  this  and  the  next  sentence  Ziarpifioi  would  be  more  usual  than  £«. 
2  Say,  the  things  lived  by  you  and  me. 


EXERCISE      IX. 

rpe<f)a>,  to  nourish. 
Verbal  stem      Future        Aorist         Perf.  Act.       Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
6pe(f>        Ope-^rw    edpe-^ra     rerpoc^a     redpa/xfiat    idpecpdvv 

1.  lTake  care  that  you  rear  and  educate  the  rational  prin- 
ciple on  noble  words  and  lessons.  1.  His  father  has  reared 
him  excellently.  3.  Athene  nourished  our  state.  4.  If  you 
were  to  catch  wild  birds  and  keep  them  at  home,  you  could 
domesticate  them  in  time.  5.  It  is  not  fair  that  a  grown-up 
son  should  be  kept  by  his  father.  6.  You  have  not  been 
brought  up  in  such  habits.  7.  I  suppose  you  would  have 
been  excusing  a  stranger  if  he  were  speaking  in  his  native 
tongue  and  *  after  the  fashion  of  his  country.  8.  Any  one 
who  is  well  brought  up  will  do  so.  9.  It  is  3a  positive  sin  to 
say  these  things  of  {Kara)  Achilles,  the  pupil  of  Chiron,  that 
wisest  of  teachers.  10.  Next  after  music  our  youths  are  to 
trained  in  gymnastics. 

1  '6ttws,  with  future.     a  Say  in  that  tongue  (4>oi>v)  and  fashion  (rpoiros)  in 
which  he  had  been  reared.     3  ou5'  '6<rtoy. 


6  Exercises   on   the 

EXERCISE      X. 

Bia-Xejofj-ai,  to  discourse  (deponent). 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

Xey  Biaki^ofiai  BieXe^Oriv  Bielkeyfiac 

i.  To  discourse  and  to  use  language  I  suppose  you  think 
the  same  thing.  2.  Well,  go  and  talk  with  him.  3.  The 
two  men  were  talking  together.  4.  He  argued  this  matter 
five  times  1a  month.  5.  We  have  conversed  with  each  other 
for  a  long  time.  6.  He  had  already  often  discussed  this. 
7.  He  remained  within  in  order  not  to  discuss  such  things 
out  of  doors.  8.  I  shall  have  discussed  enough  about  music. 
9.  We  must  discuss  politics  while  taking  our  walks. 

1  Use  the  article. 


EXERCISE      XL 

cnydco,  to  be  silent. 
Ferial  stem         Future  Aorist         Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.    Aor.  Pass. 

cnya        aty7]ao/jiac  iatyr]aa    crecrlyvKa  ceair/ij/jLai  eauy^Onv 

1.  Why  are  you  silent?  2.  There  is  no  harm  in  being 
silent  to  those  to  whom  one  ought  to  be  so.  3.  If  you  ask 
him  anything  1he  preserves  a  solemn  silence.  4.  The  two  youths 
were  silent.  5.  His  words  will  be  passed  over  in  silence 
hereafter.  6.  *  Under  the  tyrants  any  one  who  did  not  suffer 
violence,  even  if  he  held  his  tongue,  thought  himself  fortunate. 
7.  Keep  silence  for  a  time.  8.  The  storm  is  already  hushed. 
9.  One  must  keep  silence  in  the  presence  of  the  judges. 

1  He  is  silent  verj  solemnly  (ffe/xvui).      *  in(,  with  genitive. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  7 

EXERCISE     XII. 

<nrevS(o,  to  pour  libations, 
crirevhofxai,,  to  make  a  treaty. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Active  Future  Middle        Perfect  Pass, 

airevh    not  used  in  simple  verb,  cnreio-ofAai        eo-Treiap,at 
KaTaaireicroi 
i.  Cyrus,  standing  as  he  was,  poured   a  libation,  uttered  a 
prayer,  and  drank  the  wine.     i.  Orestes  will    pour  a  drink- 
offering  at  his   father's   tomb.      3.  On    the   last  day  of   the 
feast,  when  they  were  on  the  point  of  pouring   out  the  offer- 
ings, the  priest  brought  out  twelve  golden   bowls.     4.  Mean- 
time the  Mantineans  and  those  with  whom  a  treaty  had  been 
made,  retreated  V  few  at  a  time.     5.  One  or  two  men  threw 
darts  at  them,  though   they   kept  alleging   that  they  had  ob- 
tained a   treaty.     6.  Partly   by  peaceful   intervals  and   partly 
by  warring  they  became  more  experienced  in  military  matters. 
7.  They  concluded  a  truce  on   the  following   terms,  that  they 
will  surely  abide  by  the  treaty  for  the  year. 
1  Kara,  with  accusative. 


EXERCISE      XIII. 

Tpe7T6>,  to  turn. 
Verbal  stem      Future         Aorist         Per/.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
rpeTT        r/se-v/rw     erpey^a      rerpocpa     rerpa/xfiaL    irpa,7rrjv 

erpi(f)0riv 

1.  lBy  this  conduct  we  shall  turn  them  to  despair.  2.  The 
faction  has  Overthrown  the  state.  3.  Turn  your  thoughts  in 
this  direction.  4.  He  will  not  even  know  where  to  turn  his 
mind.  5.  The  house  had  been  turned  to  (faced)  the  south. 
6.  Be  it  on  his  own  head  !  7.  Look  at  those  two  temples 
which  have  a  wrong  aspect.  8.  Let  us  proceed  no  further  in 
this  direction,  but  take  the  road  by  which  we  turned  off.  9.  It 
is  time  to  turn  to  somebody  else.  10.  The  true  philosopher 
wishes  as  far  as  he  can  to  be  quit  of  the  body,  and  to  turn  to 
the  soul.  11.  They  slew  those  who  were  ^charged  with  the 
duty  of  keeping  guard. 

1  Use  the  participle.        "  Compound  with  avd.        3  Compound  with  iir(. 


8  Exercises   on   the 

Second  Class. — The  Present  Stem  lengthens  the  Verbal 
Stem  Vowel. 

EXERCISE     XIV. 

akeifyw,  to  anoint. 
Verlal  stem      Future         Aorist         Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
a\i(f>        aXetyw  ifkec^ra     a\i]\t(f)a    akrjkL^fiav    rjkei<f>6-r]V 

i.  Ulysses,  sailing  by  the  island  of  the  Sirens,  smears 
with  wax  the  ears  of  his  comrades.  2.  Homer  has  some 
things  about  the  gods  which  tend  to  lwipe  out  from  the  soul 
the  image  of  virtue.  3.  We  will  therefore  ^obliterate  all  such 
(passages),  not  as  being  unpoetical,  or  as  not  being  pleasing 
to  most  men,  but  because  in  proportion  as  they  are  more 
poetical  so  much  the  less  ought  they  to  be  heard  by  free 
men.  4.  You  destroyed  the  pillars  and  ^cancelled  the  de- 
crees. 5.  It  would  be  monstrous  for  the  sake  of  Thebans  to 
H>lot  out  Platseans  from  Hhe  map  of  Greece.  6.  She  has 
besmeared  her  face  and  even  her  auburn  locks  with  white 
lead.  7.  Is  that  which  is  ^anointed  really  white  or  does  it 
only  appear  (white)  ?  8.  The  Spartans  anointed  themselves 
with  oil  in  their  gymnastic  exercises.  9.  The  Peloponnesians 
computed  by  the  layers  of  bricks  the  height  of  the  wall  where 
it  happened  not  to  have  been  1  thoroughly  whitewashed. 
10.  We  must  lstrike  out  this  man's  name  from  the  roll. 

1  Compound  with  e|.      -  nav  ib  1LA\t}hk6l-.      z  Compound  with  inl. 


EXERCISE      XV. 

(pevyco,  tojlee ;   to  be  prosecuted  ;  to  be  banished. 
Verbal  stem,.  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

cf)vy  (fjev^ofiat  e<j>vyov  ire^evya 

1.  A  fool  may  perhaps  think  this,  that  he  should  run  away 
from  his  master,  and  not  reflect  that  his  duty  is  not  to  run 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  9 

away  at  any  rate  from  the  good,  but  to  remain  to  the  end ;  so 
that  he  would  be  running  away  senselessly.  2.  Let  him  be 
in  exile  for  seven  years.  3.  May  I  now  at  least  avoid  the 
questioning  1by  Socrates.  4.  It  is  impossible  that  any  one 
can  avoid  being  ridiculous  if  he  do  this.  5.  They  fled  from 
Athens  to  Megara.  6.  Others  will  kill  those  who  have  fled 
hither.  7.  They  had  almost  escaped.  8.  It  is  a  fine  thing 
never  to  have  been  indicted  in  a  single  law-suit.  9.  He  is 
put  on  his  trial  by  me  Hn  this  suit.  10.  I  am  resolved  to  follow 
it  up  if  they  will  shrink  from  this,  and  will  not  do  what  is 
ordered. 

1  Genitive.  2  Accusative. 


EXERCISE     XVI. 

Trhew,  to  sail. 

Verbal  stem.  Future  Aorist         Per/.  Act.        Perf.  Pass. 

ir\v  lengthened  irXevaofJbao      eirrXevcra,  TreTrXev/ca  TreirXevafxat 
to  ev,  but  re-  7r\euaov/J,ai 
solved    to    ef 
before  vowels 

1.  The  island  was  inaccessible,  for  navigation  did  not  yet 
exist.  2.  He  did  not  foresee  lhow  the  vessel  of  the  state 
should  ride  on  ^safely.  3.  With  us  everything  is  going 
swimmingly,  as  they  say.  4.  They  sailed  back  to  Corcyra 
zJhr  men.  5.  He  has  sailed  there  ever  so  many  times  with 
no  result.  6.  With  the  god's  aid,  you  might  put  to  sea  on  a 
hurdle.  7.  Long  is  the  sea  which  has  been  sailed  over 
hither.  8.  When  things  became  more  favourable  for  navi- 
gation, the  ships  put  out  to  sea.  9.  We  must  now  sail  and 
commit  ourselves  to  the  breeze  which  is  favourable.  10.  Be- 
hold the  man  who  has  sailed  round  Africa.  11.  Will  he 
write  an  account  of  his  voyage  for  the  sake  of  other  navi- 
gators ? 

1  Sttccs,  with  future.  3  upright,  opdds.  3  iirl. 

2 


10  Exercises  on  the 

Fourth  Class. — The  Present  Stem  adds  i  to  the  Verbal 

Stem. 

EXERCISE      XVII. 

atpco,  to  raise. 

Verbal  stem      Future        Aorist         Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
dp  dpw  rjpa  rjpKa  -qpfxai  rjpdnv 

i.  At  one  time  he  lifted  his  head,  and  then  again  dropped 
it.  2.  A  horse  when  angered  will  raise  his  legs  higher,  not 
however  2ioith  freedom.  3.  This  man  is  connected  with  sno 
one  by  ties  of  humanity  or  social  union ;  but  walks  through 
the  market-place  like  a  viper  or  a  scorpion  with  his  sting 
^uplifted.  4.  It  is  no  good  to  undertake  an  inglorious  and 
expensive  war.  5.  When  his  country  is  exalted  each  one 
feels  5?nore  than  usually  elevated.  6.  Should  they  raise  a 
signal  we  will  come.  7.  If  Cleon  were  elected  general  he 
would  start  with  his  army.  8.  By  these  means  he  rose  to 
greatness.  9.  He  will  have  ^started  for  Gythium  by  the 
forenoon. 

1  The  Third  Class  of  Verbs,  in  which  the  Present  Stem  affixes  r  to  the 
Verbal  Stem,  e.g.  dd-tru  (ra<p),  ti'ktw  (t(k),  tvwtv  (tvtt),  does  not  present 
any  special  difficulty.  2  Use  the  adjective  vypos.  3  Repeat  the  negative. 
4  Having  uplifted  his  sting.         5  avrbs  avrov.         6  Compound  with  cbrj. 


EXERCISE      XVIII. 

iyelpo),  to  rouse. 

Verbal  stem     Future        Aorist       Strong  Perf.      Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass, 
iyep  eyepoi      y]yeipa     eypi)yopa,    iyyjyep/jLcu     ^yepOnv 

(the  Perfect  Active  iiytfyeptca  is  not 
Classical) 

1.  I  purposely  did  not  wake  you.    1.  You  probably  will  not 
wake  me  at  the  proper  time.     3.  lMind  you  wake  me  while 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  11 

it  is  yet  early  dawn.  4.  Are  we  sleeping  at  this  moment  and 
all  our  thoughts  a  dream,  or  are  we  awake  and  talking  to  one 
another  2ln  the  waking  state  ?  5.  The  Syracusans  on  hearing 
this  were  more  than  ever  aroused  to  action.  6.  You  would  be 
unprepared  if  war  were  to  be  stirred  up.  7.  Let  us  then 
show  that  our  state  is  alive  and  on  the  alert.  8.  He  was  in 
his  senses  and  awake  in  a  moment.  9.  These  words  would 
not  be  encouraging  or  rousing  sto  thought. 

1  iiirus,  with  future.        '  virap.        3  Genitive. 


EXERCISE      XIX. 

1  Kadi^o/xai,  to  sit, 

Yerhal  stem  Future  Perfect 

eS  KaOehovixai  from  the  stem  779,  /cddrifAcu 

1.  He  went  and  sat  down  after  his  bath  and  we  sat  by 
him.  2.  Will  he  not  sit  as  a  suppliant  at  the  altar  ?  3.  Let 
him  sit  if  he  will.  4.  You  are  seated  at  last.  5.  Do  you 
not  see  the  court  seated  ?  6.  We  idled  away  three  whole 
months  in  Macedonia,  doing  nothing,  always  going  to  do 
something.  7.  They  had  taken  their  seats  by  Socrates. 
8.  Whenever  I  sat  by  you  I  learnt  something.  9.  Attend  as 
many  of  you  as  are  sitting.  10.  He  had  taken  his  seat  on  a 
^cushioned  chair,  and  had  a  garland  on  his  head. 


1  The  simple  Verb  e(oixai  is  poetic.  The  Active  e(a>  is  not  found  at  all  : 
in  place  of  it  'I fa  and  ISpvc*  are  found  for  the  causal  Verb  to  seat;  but  of 
these  '4"a>  is  very  rarely  found  in  prose  authors.  The  Compound  itadifa  is 
of  frequent  oocurrence.         2  On  a  cushion  (■npacrKtipdAaioi')  and  chair. 


12  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      XX. 

/calo),  to  hum. 
Verhal  stem      Future         Aorist  fy  Perf.  Act.         Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
kcl  (f)       fcavcra)     not  used    in    the     KeKavfxai     (chiefly  in 
simple    Verb,  Compounds) 

use  Compounds 

Thucydides  uses  tcala.     /cdco  is  the  form  that  prevails  in  later 

Attic. 
1.  The  Thebans  have  come  to  our  land,  cut  down  trees, 
burnt  down  houses,  and  plundered  money  and  cattle.  2.  Will 
the  Spartans  look  on  and  allow  Athens  to  be  burnt  ?  3.  Ac- 
cording to  Thucydides  the  inner  parts  of  the  body  were  so 
burnt  with  fever-heat  during  the  plague  that  they  could  not 
bear  the  touch  of  even  the  thinnest  garments.  4.  Physicians 
cure  some  diseases  lby  the  knife  or  by  cautery.  5.  Great  care 
is  necessary  in  handling  combustible  elements.  6.  Yes, 
especially  phosphorus,  unless  you  mean  to  burn  your  fingers. 
7.  After  Moscow  was  burnt,  the  horrors  of  the  retreat  of  the 
French  were  almost  too  great  for  description.  8.  In  the  Fire 
of  London,  22ii  years  ago,  13,000  houses  were  burnt. 
9.  Burn  this  letter  as  soon  as  possible.  10.  It  shall  remain 
here  until  it  is  either  burnt  or  has  decayed. 

1  Use  the  participles  of  Tepvu  and  Kaicc.      "  Begin  with  the  date,  "  It  is 
now  211  years  since,  when  London  was  on  fire  («aTa^\t7a>),"  etc. 


EXERCISE      XXI. 

Kkaiw,  to  iveep. 
Verhal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perf.  Pass. 

Kka  (f)    tcXavaofACU  eickavaa  fci/ckavfAcu 

KXanjaco  (rare) 
Kkam  and  kXclw  are  found.     kXclw  prevails  in  the  later  Attic. 

I.  Whv  do  you  weep  ?      2.  I  fear   I   shall   weep   even  more 
this  year  than  last  year.     3.  Should  he  see  the    place  he  will 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  13 

weep.  4.  They  were  ^deeply  bewailing  their  dead.  5.  You 
will  do  it  to  your  cost.  6.  You  remember  the  spectacles 
in  tragedies  when  the  spectators  2  smile  through  their 
tears.  7.  This  urn  holds  the  ashes  of  a  man  duly  bewailed. 
8.  So  then  z I  shall  have  lamented  in  vain.  9.  If  you  were  to 
suffer  I  would  weep.  10.  I  hope  I  may  not  die  unwept  by 
friends. 


1  Compound  with  0.1:6.     Use  the  Middle  voice.  2  Say,   "  when  they 

weep,  rejoicing  at  the  same  time.  3  Say,  "it  will  have  been  lamented 

by  me,"  the   3rd   Future  Passive.       This  tense    of    K\aiu  occurs  only  in 
Poetry. 


EXERCISE     XXII. 

arroKpivcOy  to  separate. 
cnroKpivo/jLai,  to  answer. 

Verbal  stem.  Future  Aorist  Perf.  Pass.         Aorist  Pass. 

Kpw,  airoKpLVOi   uireKpLva     airoKGKpL-        aTrefcpidrjv, 

fcpivioo.  Mid.  Mid.  p,at  I  was  separated 

The  t  after  v  is  airoKpt-      airzicpi- 
thrown    back         vov/jlui         va^v, 
lengthened  /  answered 

1.  They  elected  the  magistrates  deciding  on  them  by  the 
number  of  the  votes.  2.  The  Greeks  had  not  yet  been 
separated  off  under  one  common  name.  3.  All  other  ill- 
nesses terminated  in  this.  4.  They  separated  with  no  de- 
cisive result.  5.  Why  do  you  not  answer  ?  6.  I  would 
answer  this  in  the  same  way.  7.  What  would  you  have 
answered  if  you  had  been  there  ?     8.  Who  will  answer  me  ? 

9.  I    shall    have  already    answered    any    further    questions. 

10.  Your  answer  would  not   have  been   sufficient.      11.  We 
must  reject  all  such  things. 


14  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      XXIII. 

arjroKTeivw,  to  kill. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Per/.  Act. 

ktcl  and  Krev         airoKTevoi)         anreKTeiva  aireicTova 

For  the  Passive  forms  use  airodvija/cco,  airoQavov^ai,  aire- 
davov. 

The  simple  form  of  0v/]aKco  is  used  in  preference  to  the 
Compound,  in  the  Perfect  ridvnica,  and  the  Future 
Perfect  redv^co. 

i.  Let  the  first  person  among  the  relations  of  the  de- 
ceased who  meets  him  kill  the  murderer  if  he  fly  and  will 
not  stand  his  trial.  2.  The  tyrants  will  kill  as  many  as  they 
please  of  the  innocent.  3.  They  lare  putting  to  death  the 
best  of  the  citizens.  4.  They  were  slaying  as  many  as  they 
could  ^considering  their  small  numbers.  5.  O  Athenians, 
you  have  killed  Socrates  !  6.  When  you  have  killed  me  you 
will  not  easily  find  another  like  me.  7.  Will  not  these 
malefactors  be  put  to  death  by  the  state  ?  8.  They  were 
perishing  of  hunger.  9.  The  deity  does  not  allow  any  one  to 
kill  himself.  10.  As  many  as  kill  any  one  involuntarily  are 
liable  to  trial  for  manslaughter.  11.  Has  he  been  killed 
unjustly?  12.  It  is  noble  to  be  killed  in  battle  for  one's 
country. 


Observe  :  Krelvto,  the  simple  form,  is  rarely  used  in  Prose.  airoKTelvco  and 
KaraKTelvw  are  both  used  in  Poetry,  and  have  a  strong  Aorist  onreKTavov, 
Ka.TiKTo.vov  not  found  in  Prose  authors.  KaraKTe^co  is  used  once  or  twice 
by  Xenophon,  but  the  usual  word  in  Prose  is  a-rroKTi'ivw.  l  In  this  and  in 

following  sentence  use  the  Attic  form  airoKTiwvfxi,  which  is  preferred  for 
the  Present  and  Imperfect.        2  Say,  "  as  being  few." 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  15 

EXERCISE     XXIV. 

6(f)et\(o,  to  owe. 
Verbal  stem         Future  Strong  Aorist  Weak  Aorist  Perfect 

6(f>€i\        ocpeiXijcro)        axpeXov,  uxfyeiXrjaa        dofelXrjfca 

u  tin  am 

i.  I  owe  you  many  thanks  for  this  service.  2.  We  ought 
to  pay  our  ^dehts  in  full.  3.  We  all  of  us  are  owed  to  death. 
4.  Let  him  owe  ten  times  the  sum  if  he  does  not  pay  Hn  the 
year.  5.  It  is  but  fair  that  the  3self-sown  plant  which  is  in- 
debted to  no  one  for  culture,  should  have  no  ^inclination  to 
pay  any  one  for  its  culture.  6.  I  think  I  shall  owe  other  thank- 
offerings  to  Apollo.  7.  Would  that  you  had  done  this  ! 
8.  I  wish  I  had  seen  the  wolf  first !  9.  O  that  the  Argo  had 
never  sped  through  the  blue  Symplegades  !  10.  He  who 
iowes  a  good  turn  to  another  is  duller  Hn  his  feeling  than  the 
one  who  has  done  the  favour;  knowing  that  he  will  return 
the  service  1by  way  oj  payment  of  a  debt  and  not  by  way  of 
a  free  gift.  11.  Tissaphernes  was  Hn  arrears  with  the  tribute 
due  to  the  kinp-. 

o 

1  Present  Participle  Passive.  2  Kara.  3  to  avrocpves.  4  irpodv/xuadai, 
with  infinitive.  5  Compound  with  avri.  6  Accusative.  '  els.  s  Compound 
witk  iirl. 


EXERCISE      XXV. 

irXijacrQ),  to  strike. 
This  Verb  is  very  defective ;  and  the  different   parts  are  sup- 
plemented by  two  other  Verbs,  as  follows  : — 
Verbal  stern  of     Future  Aorist  Perf.  Act.       P erf.  Pass.     Aor.  Pass. 

7r\r]aaco     irataoi     eiraicra  ireirXrj'ya  TreirXvyfiai  eifkrpfqv 

irXay         Trard^oo  iirdra^a       very  rare 

but  occurs 
in  Xenophon 

The  form  errXwyriv  is  used  in  Compounds  in  the  metaphorical 
sense  to  strike  with  amazement ,  e.  g.  i^eirXdyrp,  /cara- 
irXar/rjvat,. 


16  Exercises  on  the 

i.  The  boxer  will  strike  boldly.  2.  Let  them  inflict  upon 
the  insolent  stranger  as  many  blows  as  he  has  himself  in- 
flicted. 3.  He  is  said  to  have  struck  him  six  times.  4.  When 
any  one's  ringer  is  struck,  the  whole  body  lfeels  it  and  Sympa- 
thizes. 5.  If  you  ask  any  of  these  sort  of  persons  a  question, 
you  will  be  hit  at  once  by  some  new-fangled  word,  and  will 
make  zno  way  with  any  of  them.  6.  He  used  to  live  the  life 
of  a  hare,  in  fear  and  trembling,  always  expecting  to  be  struck. 
7.  Polus  and  Gorgias  I  startled  and  made  ashamed,  but  you 
will  not  be  startled,  you  are  so  brave.  8.  Set  out  for  war  not  * 
a  whit 8 panic-stricken  iat  Philip. 

1  Use  the  Aorist.  £  Repeat  the  negative.        3  Compound  with  Kara. 

4  Accusative. 


Fifth  Class. — The  Present  Stem  adds  v,  av,  or  ve  to  the 
Verbal  Stem. 

EXERCISE      XXVI. 

alaOdvo/juai,  to  perceive. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

alad  aia0t](TOfxai  rja06fX7]v  jjad^fiai, 

1.  Do  you  perceive  this?  2.  If  you  say  it  again,  I  shall 
perceive  it.  3.  Through  these,  *as  through  instruments,  we 
perceive  sensible  objects.  4.  You  would  perceive  them,  2of 
course.  5.  Have  you  ever  perceived  this  house  before  ? 
6.  They  felt  they  were  becoming  ridiculous.  7.  The  result  to 
them  has  been  that  they  have  felt  they  had  sold  themselves  be- 
fore selling  anyone  else.  8.  The  citizens  will  obey  the  orator 
who  advises,  when  they  feel  that  he  is  3high  minded. 
9.  Strangers  saw  that  the  Athenians  shad  their  wits  about 
them,  and  were  not  wanting  in  shrewdness. 

1  olov.  3  how  would  you  not  do  so  ?  3  (ppoixl  fj.eya.  4  Use  the 

Present  Participle  of  alaOavofxat. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  17 

EXERCISE      XXVI T. 

dfjiaprdvo),  to  err. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Perf.  Act.  Per/.  Pass.  Aor.  Pass. 

d/xapr    dftaprtjaofiat  ^ixaprr/Ka        t)fxdpT7]fiac        i)fJLapTrj6rjV 

i.  lIt  is  impossible  you  could  have  done  wrong  when  in- 
curring peril  in  behalf  of  the  freedom  of  all.  2.  To  be 
infallible  and  ever  successful  belongs  to  the  gods.  3.  He  will 
miss  the  mark.      4.  If  you  do  this  you  will  be  utterly  wrong. 

5.  The  State  which  has  failed  in  its  present  purpose  may  yet 
hereafter    bring  many  great  matters   to    a    successful    issue. 

6.  Those  two  men  were  nearly  losing  their  way.  7.  The 
blunder  has  been  committed  in  ignorance.  8.  Are  rulers  of 
states  ^incapable  of  wrong,  or  are  they  liable  to  make  some 
mistakes  ?  9.  To  be  sure  they  are  liable  to  make  mistakes. 
10.  Those  who  have  been  guilty  of  remediable  offences  ^derive 
benefit  from   punishment  iat  the  hands  of  God  and  man. 

1  Ovk  (<ttw  Swus.      a  Verbal  negative  Adjective.      3  bvivajxai,  see  Ex.  Ixi. 

*    for*. 

EXERCISE      XXVIII. 
av^dvw  and  av^co,  augeo,  to  increase. 

Verbal  stem      Future         Aorist        Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.        Aor.  Pats, 
avt;         av^rjertt)    rjii^rjaa     i]u^t]fca        tju^rjfiat        r/v^dr/v 

i.  Each  one  used  to  think  it  right  to  increase  the  common 
weal.  2.  Did  we  not  increase  the  power  of  Philip  ?  3.  Yes, 
indeed  !  he  has  grown  great  lafter  being  small  and  insignifi- 
cant. 4.  This  -being  the  case,  what  will  most  increase  our 
strength  ?  5.  By  honourable  toils  will  not  the  state  have 
grown  powerful  ?     6.  Yes,  5it  will    increase  by   these  habits. 

7.  i J find,  says  Cephalus,  that  as  the  pleasures  of  the  body 
fade  away,  the  love  of  discourse  grows  upon  me.  8.  The 
vain  boaster  grew  taller  as  he  spoke. 

1  (k.         :  These  things   being  (%xu)  thus.         3  avtfo-o/xai  is  used  in 
Passive  sense.  4  Dativus  commodi. 

3 


18  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      XXIX. 

Sdfcvco,  to  bite. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Per/.  Act.  Perf.  Pass.  Aor.  Pass. 

&a/c  $/]%0fAai         BeSrj-^a  SeSrjjfiai  iBrj^Orjv 

i.  Has  he  ever  felt  the  pang  of  being  bitten  by  a  viper? 
2.  Such  a  one  is  willing  to  tell  none  llut  those  who  have  been 
bitten  "what  it  is  like.  3.  Have  you  been  stung  by  the  words 
of  philosophy  ?  4.  This  will  sting  others  too.  5.  It  has 
already  bitten  very  many.  6.  Perhaps  a  snake  never  yet  bit 
any  of  you,  and  I  hope  it  never  may.  7.  If  you  do  this  you 
will  all  be  stung  3to  the  heart  by  pain. 

1  tt\t)v.         2  olov  ecxri.         3  Accusative. 


EXERCISE     XXX. 

ikavvco,  to  drive ;  to  ride ;  to  row. 
Verbal  stem     Future  Attic      Aorist      Perf.  Act.     Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
iXa  eXco  ifkaaa  eXi'fkaica    i\-/)\a/j,ai      rj\d07]v 

I.  There  were  three  ^classes  of  those  who  rowed  the 
triremes.  2.  Cleomenes,  with  the  help  of  an  Athenian 
faction,  will  drive  out  the  curse.  3.  One  must  take  care  of 
horses  that  have  been  ridden  2on  steep  ground.  4.  It  is  not 
good  to  push  too  far  in  a  matter  like  this.  5.  If  they  had 
been  prudent  they  would  not  have  been  driven  out.  6.  The 
engineer  will  have  carried  the  angle  of  the  wall  down  to  the 
river. 

1  ytvos.  3  ra  ko.to.vti). 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  19 

EXERCISE     XXXI. 

air-e^Odvofiai,  to  be  hated. 

Verbal  stem.  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

e^O  a/ireyd^ao^iai       aiTr]'yQo\xr\v     aTTTj^Orj/xac 

i.  The  tyrant  feels  that  he  is  incurring  hatred.  2. They 
went  away  for  fear  of  being  hated.  3.  The  Athenians  incurred 
animosities  zin  the  exercise  of  their  empire.  4.  You  will  be 
hated  by  all  else  2if  you  say  this.  5.  You  Spartans  have  got 
yourselves  hated  through  your  habits.  6.  Are  there  not  words 
which  2cause  hatred,  and  others  which  lead  to  friendship  ? 
7.  Aristides  said  that  he  was  not  distressed  by  the  people 
being  roused  to  hatred  against  him  so  as  to  ostracise  him. 

1  avvoiSa,  with  Reflexive  Pronoun.         •  Participle. 


EXERCISE      XXXII. 

fcdfiva),  to  be  weary  ;  to  be  sick. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

/ca/j,  KafxovfjLai  e/ca/AOV  K6fc/j,r]fca 

1.  The  orator  will  never  be  tired  of  praising  the  heroes  of 
Marathon.  2.  Yesterday  I  was  tired  with  walking  from 
Megara.  3.  When  a  man  is  ill,  whether  he  be  rich  or  poor, 
he  must  obey  his  doctors.  4.  Physicians  would  become  most 
skilful,  if  besides  learning  their  art  they  were  to  have  lall 
kinds  of  diseases  from  their  youth  hipwards.  5.  The  Plataeans 
about  to  be  put  to  death  were  invoking  the  3dead.  6.  The 
archers  had  been  worn  out,  being  distressed  by  the  same  toil 
for  a  considerable  time.  7.  We  must  not  ^Hiiich  from  the 
work.  8.  I  should  never  be  tired  (of)  confuting  those  who 
argue  fallaciously.  9.  The  part  of  the  army  that  was  hard 
pressed  began  ^secretly  to  withdraw. 

1  iravTolos.       2  Beginning  from  boys.         3  Perf.  Participle.        4  Verbal : 
compound  with  air6.         5  vnf^i/j.1,  Imperfect. 


20 


Exercises   on  the 


EXERCISE     XXXIII. 

XavOdvco,  to  escape  notice. 
iinXavdavoixai,  to  forget. 
Verbal  stem         Future  Aorist  Perf.  Act.      Per/.  Deponent. 

Xa6  \rjaa>  eXaOov  Xi\r]0a         XeXrjo-fxat, 

commonly 
eTrCkeXriarfAcu 

I.  Let  not  the  following  lpiece  oj  good  fortune  be  forgotten. 
2.  It  shall  not  escape  our  notice.  3.  You  have  unconsciously 
fallen  into  a  wonderful  sort  of  argument.  4.  We  were  not 
aware  that  it  was  very  pleasant.  5.  It  is  likely  to  escape  the 
notice  of  all  other  men  that  the  true  philosopher  is  ever 
practising  dying.  6.  The  slave  ran  away  unnoticed.  7.  Old 
age  comes  on  us  unawares.  8.  Is  it  possible  he  has  forgotten 
his  brother  r  9.  It  would  be  strange  if  we  were  to  forget 
^whatever  the  subject  of  our  discourse  is.  10.  Will  the  old 
man  forget  his  cunning  ?  1  [ .  I  almost  forgot  to  speak  in  good 
time.      13.  Do  not  forget  yourself  and  talk  nonsense. 

1  ivTiixwa..        2  Say,  "  that  about  which  our  discourse  may  be." 


EXERCISE      XXXIV. 

\ar/%dvu),  to  obtain  by  lot. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect  Perf.  Pass. 

\a%  Xij^ofiat  eXa^ov  etXr/^a      etXvy/Aai 

XeXoy^a,  poetic 

1.  Your  destiny  shall  not  be  allotted  to  you,  but  you  shall 
choose  it  for  yourselves.  1.  He  had  Protagoras  assigned  to 
him  as  his  teacher.  3.  They  have  both  obtained  as  their 
allotted  region  this  land.  4.  Man  is  a  living  creature  which 
has  received  intelligence  from  its  Creator.  5.  The  suit  has 
been  drawn  by  lot  by  the  Archon.  6.  Let  them  sue  me  for 
the  inheritance.  7.  We  must  assign  a  teacher  to  this  most 
ignorant  boy. 

1  Genitive. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  21 

EXERCISE      XXXV. 

otyXicncavw,  to  owe,  incur. 

Verbal  stem  Future  ■  Aorist  Perf.  Act. 

6(f)\  6(f)X/](T(0  C°0(f)\0V  0J(f)\7)Ka 

I.  He  is  getting  a  character  for  cowardice  ltuith  the  King 
of  Persia.  2.  You  2stand  a  chance  of  losing  in  the  arbitra- 
tion. 3.  Judgment  will  go  against  him  sl>y  default.  4.  If  he 
be  cast  in  his  suit,  let  him  have  no  share  in  the  public  pos- 
sessions, and  let  him  be  written  down  as  a  criminal  as  long 
as  he  lives  where  any  one  4who  pleases  can  read  it.  5.  Surely 
you  understand,  O  Athenians,  what  folly  you  would  have 
been  chargeable  with  in  each  of  these  cases,  had  you 
happened  to  have  passed  any  such  decree  !  6.  The  state 
would  justly  incur  great  ridicule  if  it  did  such  things. 


1  irpos,  with  genitive.       2  See  Vocabulary  under  likely.     3  ip-fi/xi],  agreeing 
with  81*77.        4  Participle  of  /3ovAofxat. 


EXERCISE     XXXVI. 

•    irvvOdvofiaL,  to  inquire. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

7tv6  irevao/xai,  lirvdoyunv  TreirvafxaL 

1.  Why  do  you  ask  me  about  health?  2.  Ask  this  lof  the 
doctors.  3.  I  would  rather  ask  of  this  stranger  what  they 
mean.  4.  And  have  you  only  just  learnt  2that  health, 
according  to  the  old  philosophers,  is  a  harmony  ?  5.  Don't 
fancy  you  know  the  causes  of  health  before  you  have  learnt 
this.    6.  We  will  inquire  what  we  must  do  on  each  occasion. 

1  irapd.         ■  Say,  "  have  learnt  health,  that  it  is,"  etc. 


22  Exercises   on   the 

EXERCISE      XXXVII. 

v7riaxyiofxai,  to  promise. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

U7T6^  u7rocr^^cro/xat  v7reo-%6fi7)v     virko"yy]\iai 

i .  They  have  promised  to  let  me  a  house  for  a  mina  2a 
month.  2.  The  house  had  been  let  already.  3.  Will  any  one 
really  promise  so  now  ?  4.  He  will  promise  but  will  not 
perform.  5.  Promise  me,  at  any  rate,  to  do  what  I  say. 
6.  I  wish  you  would  do  what  you  promise.  7.  ^Promising  is 
easy,  doing  is  difficult. 

1  Genitive.      2  Use  the  Article.      3  Use  the  Article,  with  the  Infinitive. 

EXERCISE     XXXVIII. 

(j)6dv(o,  to  get  before;  to  forestall. 
Verbal  stem         Future         Strong  Aorist         Weak  Aorist        Perfect 
<f)6a         (fidijo-o/juii       €(pd7]v  ecfidaaa        e(f)6atca 

<f)dda(o 

This  is  one  of  the  few  Verbs  that  have  two  Aorists  in  use  in 

the  same  sense,  in   Attic,   excepting  that  the  Participle 

<f)6d<;  is  only  found  in  Ionic. 

1.  They  will  be  beforehand   in  doing  this.     2.  Let  no  one 

anticipate  us  in   entering  the   city.      3.  No   sooner  had   this 

misfortune  befallen  me  than  I  was  again  disappointed  of  my 

hope.    4.  You  will  gain  no  advantage  beyond  having  been  the 

first  to  commit  an   injustice.     5.  Make   haste  and   speak  at 

once.     6.  The  Athenians  at    Pylos   pressed   on   in    every  way 

to  forestall  the  Spartans. 


Sixth  Class  (Indicatives). — Present  Stem  adds  gk  or  kjk 
to  Verbal  Stem. 

EXERCISE      XXXIX. 

dXlaKOfJbai,  to  be  taken  ;  be  convicted. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

a\  8c  aXco        aXcoaofxac     edXwv  &  rfkcov     edXcofca  &  ij\(OKa 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  23 

i.  He  will  be  convicted  lon  an  indictment  *for  deserting. 
2.  When  Troy  was  captured  the  palaces  were  burnt.  3.  How 
often  has  the  city  of  Jerusalem  been  captured  ?  4.  Six  times, 
at  the  least.  5.  3Mind  you  don't  allow  yourself  this  time  to 
be  caught  making  a  mistake.  6.  ^Pause,  that  you  may  not 
be  caught.  7.  There  are  many  ways  in  which  this  sort  of 
argument  could  be  refuted.  8.  In  this  way  alone  we  are 
^assailable. 

1  Accusative.       2  Genitive.      :<  Sirms,  with  future.      4  Aorist  imperative 
of  iirex00-         5  Verbal. 


EXERCISE      XL. 

dvaXtcTKoi,  to  expend. 

Verbal  stem       Future        Aorist         Perf.  Act.       Per/.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 

dvaX     avaXoMJOi  dvt)Xwcra  dvifXwKa     dvrjKwyuai    dvrjXdodvv 
and  and  and  and 

dvdXcoaa  dvdXcoKa    dvdXcofxaL    dvaXdoOrjv 

j.  He  had  no  money  lto  spend.     2.  Has   he  spent  all  his 
property  ?     3.  It  has  been   squandered   on   bodily  pleasures. 

4.  *Mind  you  don't   spend   so   much   money  for  the  future. 

5.  How   much   money   did   your    cousins    spend   yesterday  ? 

6.  More   than    3^4    had    been    spent    about    the    forenoon. 

7.  The  sums  expended  on  the  shopkeepers  were  greater  ithan 
their  income  could  meet.  8.  We  must  spend  our  persons  in 
the  service  of  the  State.  9.  A  state  which  has  spent  its 
wealth  on  behalf  of  an  honourable  ambition  is  sure  to  be 
successful.  10.  Demosthenes  says  he  is  one  of  those  who 
have  often  spent  their  property  in  the  public  services.  11.  If 
you  spend  what  you  have  on  unnecessary  objects,  how  will 
you  be  well-provided  with  what  you  have  not  got  for  things 
that  are  necessary  ? 

1  He  had  not  (resources)  from  whence  he  might  spend.  2  '6wus,  with 

future.  3  A  mina,  which  strictly  =  £4  Is.  3d.  4  Say,  "  greater  than 
in  proportion  to  (Kard)  their  income." 


24-  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      XLI. 

airohiZpaa-KW,    to    run    away. 
(The  uncompounded  StSpdcrKQ)  is  not  found.) 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

Spa  cnroSpaaofiat,  cnreSpav         airohehpatca 

i.  He  did  not  shun  this  expedition.  2.  Bind  the  prisoners 
lest  they  run  away.  3.  The  slave  after  recovering  ran  away 
from  the  house.     4.  Will  any  one  run  away  if  well  treated  ? 

5.  Many   have   run   away   before    now    from   good    masters. 

6.  The  two   fugitives   with  difficulty   escaped   by   swimming 
from  the  Cretan  pirates. 


EXERCISE     XLII. 

TTL7Tpd(7K0i,  to  Sell. 
(7T&)\e&) 

airohihopLai) 
Verbal  stem       Future  Aorist  Perfect  Act.     Perf.  Pass.     Aor.  Pass, 

irpa     dirohooaojiat  direhopir)v    ireirpaica  ireTrpafxai    e.irpdQr]v 
(borrowed)  (borrowed) 

1.  He  was  selling  his  own  freedom.  1.  They  ^behaved  luith 
moderation,  not  ~as  if  they  were  going  to  sell  their  own  pos- 
sessions, but  2as  if  they  would  guard  it  for  their  posterity. 
3.  He  went  off  after  selling  these  weighty  matters  for  a 
trifling  gain.  4.  Let  any  stranger  who  likes  buy  fuel  from 
day  to  day  wholesale,  and  let  him  sell  to  the  strangers  as 
much  as  he  pleases  and  when  he  pleases.  5.  On  Hhe  20th 
day  of  the  month,  let  there  be  a  sale  of  animals,  whatever 
are  to  be  bought  and  sold  when  required.  6.  4 Unconsciously 
he  had  been  corrupted  and  had  sold  himself.  7.  The  united 
action  of  the  Greeks  has  been  sold.  8.  5Nay  rather  it  is 
now  being  sold.  9.  He  gave  out  that  whoever  should  be 
caught  inside  *  should  be  sold  at  once.  10.  Touching  ^articles 
of  sale  let  thus  much  suffice  to  have  been  said. 

1  Showed  {irapix"3)  themselves  moderate  (/xtTpios).  3us,  with  Fut.  Participle. 
3  7}  uKas.     *  See  Ex.  xxxiii,  3.     5  /uev  ovv.    6  3rd  Fat.  Passive.    "  to.  irpdo-ifxa. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  25 

Seventh    Class. — A   short    Stem  alternates  with  one 
enlarged  hy  e. 

EXERCISE      XLIII. 

alSeofiai,  to  respect. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist,  as  Middle 

alS  (e)  al&eaofjbat,  rjSeadwv 

N.B. —  fjBeadfj,7iv   is   very   rare  in    Prose,    only    occurring    in 
Demosthenes,  and  only  in  the  legal  sense  of  pardoning. 

i.  He  neither  respects  man  nor  reverences  God.  2.lT/io7igh 
it  was  in  his  power  to  take  vengeance  he  did  not  kill  him  but 
shewed  respect  to  his  misfortunes.  3.  "IVhile  demanding 
satisfaction  they  were  respecting  them.  4.  Must  we  respect 
the  wicked  and  overbearing  ?  5.  On  the  contrary  we  must 
punish  them,  for  no  one  would  respect  you  if  you  overlooked 
3their  sinning. 

1  t^6v.         -  /jara^v.         3  Say,  "them  sinning." 


EXERCISE      XLIV. 

ayBoyuai,  to  he  vexed. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Fid.  Pass.,  used  as  Mid. 

"X$(e)  d^deaofiac  r/^diadvv  d^deaO/jcrofiai 

1.  The  Spartans  failing  in  their  object  were  secretly  vexed. 
2.  You  will  not  be  vexed  if  I  say  this  ?  3.  I  will  not  be  vexed 
that  y°u  do  so.  4.  The  mass  of  the  citizens,  indignant  at 
the  personal  habits  of  Alcibiades,  entrusted  the  conduct  of 
the  war  to  others,  and  these  after  no  long  time  ruined  the 
state.  5.  He  had  no  objection  1/o  their  entrusting  the  com- 
mand to  another.  6.  He  ordered  2any  to  go  away  who  did 
not  mind  doing  so. 

1  Genitivo  of  Participle.         z  '6to>  pi),  with   Optative  :  construction  as 
in  /SouAo/xeVy  tori. 

4 


26  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE     XLV. 

fiovXofiai,  to  wish. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

/SouX  /3ov\rjcro/Aa(,  if3ov\rjdvv  (3e(3ov\r]fiai 

N.B. — rjj3ov\6fi,T]v,  r/fiovXrjOvv  are  only  found  in  later  Attic, 
as  in  fieWco  and  Bvvafiai. 

i.  Do  you  wish  us  lto  read  this?  2.  I  divine  what  he 
wishes.  3.  I  don't  know  what  yonr  words  mean.  4.  We 
will  do  this  should  it  be  Hn  accordance  with  your  wish. 
5.  Let  them  go  if  they  wish  it.  6.  Let  each  act  as  he  has 
willed  and  resolved.  7.  3What  in  the  world  were  we  wishing 
that  we  came  to  this  ?    8. 4Z  could  have  wished  this  to  happen. 

1  Subjunctive.     2  If  it  be  to  you  wishing.      3  Say,  "  Suffering  what." 
4  Imperfect  with  &v. 


EXERCISE      XLVI. 

SeofjLcu,  to  want. 

Verbal  stem.  Future  Aorist  Per/.  Pass.         Aorist  Pass. 

8e  Berjaofxai     eSevcrd/jivv    SeSe^fiai,  eSei]6rjv 

N.B. — Beco,  to  need  or  lack,  is  conjugated  similarly,  but  is  less 
common  :  its  Impersonal  use,  Bel,  is  most  frequent. 

1.  How  many  minse  does  he  need  ?  2.  I  need  two  l talents 
and  a  half.  3.  He  stands  in  need  of  none  of  the  things 
which  others  need.  4.  They  were  not  in  want  of  lawgivers. 
5.  But  they  will  want  them  if  they  do  not  ^improve.  6.  Those 
informers  wanted  punishment.  7.  Have  you  ever  required  a 
physician?  8.  ZI  hope  I  may  not  want  one  yet.  9.  They 
said  they  ^should  want  one  hereafter.  10.  He  tries  to  help  all 
who  are  in  need  as  far  as  he  can. 

1  Say,  "the   third   a  half-talent."  2  eiridtSovai  in\  rl  fSehrtov. 

3  firiirw,  with  Optative.       4  Future  Optative. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  27 

EXERCISE      XLVII. 
fjLaxo/jLai,  to  Jight, 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

I.  The  contest  is  painful  at  first  if  any  one  fight  against 
appetites  and  desires.  2.  May  you  fight  through  life  against 
folly.  3.  They  will  fight  at  first  against  a  smaller  number, 
but   afterwards   with    the    part    which    has    not   yet   fought. 

4.  Let    us    remember    those    who    fought    at    Marathon. 

5.  Honourable  men  must  contend  for  the  prize  of  valour. 


EXERCISE      XLVIII. 

otofMai,  to  think. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist 

ol  olrjo-oficu  (prjOriv 

I.  I  think  you  have  heard  before  of  the  beginnings  of  lour 
British  constitution.  2.  How  long  a  time  do  you  think  a 
House  of  Commons  as  it  now  is  has  existed  ?  3.  ft  is  21a 
years  now  since  the  merchant  and  the  trader  were  elected 
senators  equally  with  the  ^nobles.  4.  I  did  not  suppose  we 
had  to  teach  you  this.  5.  Whom  do  historians  consider  the 
cause  of  this  change?  6.  Whom  else  must  we  consider  but 
Simon,  the  great  champion  of  the  people?  7.  The  strue 
patriot  will  think  it  right  to  prefer  calumniations  and  dangers 
and  even  death  to  disgrace.  8.  Yes,  and  wherever  he  sup- 
poses he  can  be  of  any  use  he  will  be  present.  9.  One  Snust 
think  so.  10.  Who  would  have  thought  that  such  great 
changes  would  happen  as  we  have  seen  5ivith  our  own  eyes? 
11.  Do  not  fancy  that  it  is  6 'possible  for  any  one  to  pass 
through  life  without  seeing  many  things  happen  contrary  to 
his  expectations. 

1  7]  eV0d5e.     -  ol  evirarplSai.     3  Adverb.     4  Verbal.     5  avrbl.     G  hBexeffOai, 
repeat  the  Negative. 


28  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      XLIX. 

peco,  to  flow. 
Verhal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perfect 

pv  pevaofjuau  eppevcra  ippvrjfca 

In  Attic  pvi]aofxat        In  Attic  eppvrjv 
is  more  used  is  more  used 

I.  According  to  Heraclitus,  all  things  are  in  a  constant 
state  of  flux.  2.  Fountains  of  pure  waters  are  always  flowing 
from  Mount  Ida.  3.  If  the  river  were  to  flow  still  nearer,  all 
the  houses  would  be  flooded.  4.  What  a  stream  of  words  do 
we  hear  pouring  down.  5.  When  the  Asopus  was  flowing 
lwith  a  strong  current  it  was  not  easv  to  cross  it.  6.  Don't 
try  to  answer  him  when  he  is  speaking  insolently  and  rushing 
on  2with  a  torrent  of  speech.  7.  Have  you  ever  seen  the  zcon- 
-ftuence  of  two  rivers  ?  8.  The  lava-flood  burst  from  iEtna 
before  the  Athenians  started  for  Sicily.  9.  This  eruption 
took  place  fifty  years  after  the  former  one,  and  Hii  all  there 
were  said  to  have  been  three  eruptions  from  the  time  that 
Sicily  was  colonized  by  the  Greeks.  10.  Will  there  be  an 
eruption  this  year  ? 

1  fxijas.     2  vo\vs.      3  Participle  of  compound  with  aw.      4  rb  ^v/xirav. 


EXERCISE      L. 

ya'ipw,  to  rejoice. 
Yerhal  stem       Future  Aorist  Perfect 

yap  yaipr)o-a>       eya.pr\v  Keydpi]Ka 

KeyaprjfxaL 
tceyappLciL 
(none  of  them  used  in  Piose) 

1.  Men  of  indolent  minds,  before  they  have  found  out  in 
what  way  they  shall  have  their  wish,  delight  1to  detail  what 
they  are  going  to  do  when  their  wish  has  taken  place. 
2.  Would  you  not  take  delight  in  the  greatest  pleasures  ? 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek   Verbs.  29 

3.  Does  not  the  community  of  pleasure  and  pain  bind  the 
citizens    together,    when    they    all    rejoice  and   grieve  alike? 

4.  A  carpenter  when  ill,  if  any  one  were  to  prescribe  him  a 
long  (course  of)  diet,  would  say  good-bye  to  this  sort  of 
physician,  and  would  either,  entering  on  his  usual  ^course  of 
life,  ^regain  his  health  and  do  his  business,  or  would  be  set 
free  from  his  troubles  by  death.  5.  To  your  cost  you  shall 
make  me.  a  laughing-stock.  6.  The  two  men  were  half-dead 
with  laughing  and  clapping  of  hands  and  rejoicings.  7.  Fare- 
well to  such  praise  as  this.  8.  You  would  be  ashamed  to  do 
whatever  you  are  ^pleased  to  hear  as  comic  representations. 
9.  He  has  often  rejoiced  5at  your  success  and  now  you  will 
rejoice  at  his  victory. 


1  Participle.        2  Stana.        3  Say,  "becoming  whole  (vyn)s)  would  do." 
4  Subjunctive  of  x^P00  '■    f°1-  *°  hear  use  the  Participle.         5  hrt. 


EXERCISE      LI. 

Gdveofiai,  to  buy  (defective). 

Verbal  stem           Future             Aorist                 Perfect  Aor.  Pass. 

cove           oovqaofiao  (borrowed)       idovrjfxac  icop>jdiiv 

e7rpLdfx,r]v    deponent  and  occasionally 

sometimes  used 
passive 

1.  They  were  buying  provisions  at  the  market.  2.  At 
what  price  will  you  buy  this  slave  ?  3.  I  would  not  purchase 
him  at  any  price.  4.  Another  man  came  up  and  bought 
him.  5.  The  ^purchaser  will  repent.  6.  You  bought  the 
customs  last  year.  7.  If  I  buy  them  again  I  shall  do  it 
2/o  my  cost.  8.  A  national  force  is  preferable  to  a  ^mercenary 
one. 

1  Perfect  Participle.         3  See  Ex.  xxi,  5.        3  Verbal. 


30  Exercises  on  the 

EXERCISE      LI  I. 

oodew,  to  push. 
Verbal  stem      Future        Aorist         Perf.  Act.        Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 
cod  coaot)       eojcra    none  in  use    ecoafiai        icoadrjv 

This  Verb  takes  the  syllabic  augment  in  Attic. 
I.  The  Spartans  used  to  thrust  malefactors  headlong  into 
the  pit  called  Caiadas.  2.  Will  they  thrust  these  men  out  of 
the  state  into  exile  ?  3.  Boars  when  (hard)  pressed  are  in 
the  habit  of  lrushing  on  the  spears.  4.  They  will  shew 
themselves  most  base  if  this  truce  be  ^rejected.  5.  The 
Athenians  received  the  charge  of  the  Corinthians  and  drove 
them  back  from  themselves  with  difficulty.  6.  We  have 
been  Hhrust  aside  by  all,  all  round — Plataeans  though  we  be. 
7.  If  they  had  been  ^driven  out  sooner,  the  state  would  have 
been  safer.  8.  It  was  difficult  to  the  commanders  to  check 
the  soldiers  who  were  forcing  their  way  on  to  the  front. 

1  6p.6ae  dp-i,  with  the  Dative.         2  Compound  with  cnr6.        3  Compound 
with  irepl,         4  Compound  with  £k. 


Eighth   or  Mixed   Class — {Where  several  essentially 
different  Stems  unite  to  form  one  Verb.) 

EXERCISE      L 1 1 1. 

aipeo),    to    take ;    conquer ;    elect,  etc. 

Mid.,   to  choose. 

Verbal  stem      Future        Aorist  Perfect  Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 

alps  aiprjaco     elXov         yprjtca         fjp7]p,at  rjpedrjv 

eX 

1.  Envy  has  been  the  death  of  many  good  men  and  I  think 
will  be  (of  many  more).  2.  Alcibiades  conquered  xat  the 
Olympian  games,  and  was  second  and  fourth.  3.  The  mother 
of  Agesilaus  was  congratulated  that  on  the  same  day  on 
which  they  were  born,  one  of  her  sons  took  by  land  the 
enemies    forts,  and  the    other    their    ships   and    dockyards. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  31 

4.  When  he  had  been  elected  admiral,  he  immediately  sailed 
2to  Tissaphernes.  5.  We  must  accept  as  ruler  whomsoever 
the  citizens  elect  by  common  consent.  6.  Would  you  not 
prefer  to  die  many  times  before  you  became  unjust  ?  7.  The 
just  man  according  to  Socrates  prefers  justice  to  the  greatest 
sovereignty.  8.  What  man  do  you  suppose  will  choose  an 
inglorious  life  at  home  swhen  he  may  contend  for  his  country 
with  honour  ?  9.  We  needs  must  choose  the  noblest,  when 
we  see  it. 

1  Neuter  Accusative  Plural.       2  ws,  because  it  is  to  a  person.         3  t%6v. 


EXERCISE      LIV. 

€7ro/iac,  to  follow  (governing  the  Dative). 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist 

67T  eyjrofxai  eaTrofirjv 

<r(e)7r 

I.  If  you  are  following  me,  you  will  see.  2.  Follow  me 
hither.  3.  Let  us  follow  the  two  whither  they  lead.  4.  The 
strangers  were  following  the  guide.  5.  Attend  to  what  follows 
after  this.  6.  Let  them  dwell  in  the  city  as  long  as  they 
follow  after  justice  and  piety.  7.  You  did  not  follow,  ^as  it 
appears,  what  was  said  just  now.  8.  Let  us  now  examine 
what  2are  the  arts  ^attendant  upon  music. 

1  Say,  "  as  you  appear."    -  The  arts. ..what  they  are.    3  Compound  with  avv. 


EXERCISE      LV. 


eXo), 

to  have. 

Verbal  stem 

Future 

Aorist 

Per/.  Act. 

Perf.  Pass. 

Aor.  Pass. 

kx 

€%(0 

€O"%0V 

ecrxrjfca 

eaxwcii 

io~)(66riv 

0-%(e) 

ax7']™ 

i.  Have  you  that  book  which  he  had  yesterday?     2.  I  used 
to  have  it,  but  I   shall   have  it   no  longer.     3.  Will    he  have 


32  Exercises  on  the 

authority?  4.  lGive  him  authority.  5.  Let  them  have 
authority.  6.  He  has  lshewn  himself  a  good  citizen.  7.  Have 
these  things  been  ^provided  ?  8.  This  famous  acropolis  was 
^occupied  by  the  Persians.  9.  He  did  not  zsuffer  him  to  speak. 
10.  We  must  Hear  this.  11.  *Stop  a  little  while.  12.  Each  of 
you  will  zshare  the  glory  of  what  is  done.  13.  I  hope  the 
traitors  may  not  hhare  these  blessings.  14.  Supposing  these 
''share  them  we  shall  have  very  little. 

1  Compound  with  irapd.       2  Compound  with  Kaid.       3  Compound  with  avd, 
Aor.  Middle.       4  Compound  with  {■*(.       5  Compound  with  perd. 


EXERCISE      L  V  I. 

opaco,  to  see. 
Verbal  stem      Future         Aorist       Perfect  rerf.  Pass.  Aor.  Pass, 

opa         o^o^ca     elSov     ecopaica        ecopafxai,  to<fi0rjv 

IS  and  kbpana 

07r  chiefly  in  comic  poets 

N.B. — The  Middle  Voice  is  often   used  ill  Compound  Verbs 
with  an  Active  sense.     Use  it  in  the  last  three  sentences. 

1.  Have  you  seen  the  spy  who  was  seen  here  last 
year  ?  2.  I  saw  him  yesterday,  and  shall  try  to  see  him 
to-morrow.  3.  He  will  then  have  been  seen  thrice.  4.  I  had 
seen  him  several  times  before  he  came  back.  5.  Why  do  you 
wish  to  see  him  ?  6.  Because  I  should  accuse  him  if  I  saw 
him  again.  7.  He  has  now  been  seen  so  often  that  lit  is 
evident  he  is  hired  by  the  enemy.  8.  When  I  am  on  horse- 
back (says  a  Persian  in  Xenophon)  I  have  this  advantage 
over  the  Centaur  :  for  he  used  to  %look  before  him  with  two 
eyes  and  used  to  hear  with  two  ears ;  but  I  see  before  me 
with  four  eyes  and  perceive  through  four  ears.  9.  We  must 
ever  zbe  on  our  guard  against  carelessness  and  idleness. 
10.  If  we  were  to  Hitw  with  suspicion  the  enemies  who  are 
being  left  behind  us,  hoe  should  be  sajer  in  our  campaigns. 

1  Personal  construction  with  StjAos  and  Participle.  ~  Compound  with  itp6. 
%  Compound  with  irtpt.  4  Compound  with  vn6.  5  Say,  wo  should  take  the 
field  (arpaTtvo/xai)  more  safely. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  33 

EXERCISE     LVII. 

rpe-^co,  to  run. 

Verbal  stem       Future  Aorist  Per/.  Act.  Perf.  Pass, 

rpe^      Spa/LLod/jbac      ehpapbov       SeSpd/Arjica       SeSpd/xrjpai 
Spe/x, 

For  the  Present  and  Imperfect  deco  is  used,  and  deva-op.at  is 
also  found.  With  Spop,(p,  Oeiv  is  preferred  to  rpe^eiv 
or  Spafielv. 

I.  If  they  run  faster  in  the  course,  they  will  perhaps  lget 
Jirst  to  the  goal.  2.  He  is  running  for  his  Hife, — he  will  run  as 
fast  as  he  can.  3.  We  ran  well  to-day,  but  yesterday  those 
athletes  ran  much  better.  4.  The  whole  course  has  been  run. 
5.  They  had  run  down  to  the  Piraeus.  6.  You  must  run 
round  the  Ceramicus  twice  a  day,  if  you  wish  for  health. 
7.  He  was  3within  one  bout  of  carrying  off  the  victory.  8.  The 
really  good  runners,  as  many  as  run  to  the  end,  are  likely 
to  be  crowned.  9.  It  is  Hike  a  child  to  run  as  nearly  as 
possible  into  danger. 

1  (pddvetv,  with  Participle  of  afyiKveo/xai.      '  irepl,  for  life  do  not  use  $lot,  but 
tyvxh.         3  Tap'  eV  iraAaicTjUa.         4  irpds,  with  Genitive. 


Second  Principal  Conjugation. —  Verbs  in  fit. 
First    Class,   where  /u  is  joined  directly  to   Verbal  Stem, 

EXERCISE      LVII  I. 

€7rlarafj,ai,}  to  know. 

Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Verbal  Adjective 

eTTLara        ein<TTrj<70fiaL         rJTTKTTrjOrjv         eVio-TT/ro? 

I.  Do  you  know  this  song  ?  2.  You  both  of  you  know  it 
better  than  these.  3.  When  I  know  it  I  will  sing  it.  4.  You, 
Socrates,  used  to  know  it.  5.  If  any  one  had  known  how 
to  use  the  book  well  he  would  have  been  wiser.  6.  I  shall 
know  it  to-morrow.      7.  Know  it  to-day,  before  you  go  away. 

5 


34  Exercises  on  the 

8.  You  know  it  yourself.  9.  ^his  is  matter  of  opinion,  but 
cannot  be  scientifically  known.  10.  Let  those  live  on  land, 
whoever  do  not  know  how  to  swim.  11.  This  is  not  hard  to 
one  who  knows  all  handicrafts. 

1  Use  the  Verbals  of  5o£a£«  and  iiria-ranai  in  this  sentence. 


EXERCISE     LIX. 

irjfu,  to  send. 

Verbal  stem  Future      Weak  Aor.  Perfect  Perf.  Pass.       Aor.  Pass. 

e  770-6)     v)Ka  in  the      (atyel/ca      (a</>)et/iai      (acf))edvv 

Singular.   In  Compound   Verbs   the   Strong 
Aorist  in  Dual  and    Plural,  e.g.  afelrov, 

1.  Who  utters  these  words  ?  2.  The  Sirens  utter  a  very 
sweet  sound.  3.  They  threw  themselves  down  on  the  snow 
into  the  glen.  4.  Did  you  ^understand  what  you  read  ?  5.  If 
you  were  to  Het  go  the  opportunity  you  would  be  ruined. 
6.  The  past  has  been  2let  alone.  7.  How  many  tears  do  you 
think  I  2shed}  8.  The  slave  will  have  been  Released.  9.  A 
bad  archer  shoots  and  misses  the  mark.  10.  Let  them  go 
away  %setfree  from  fear.  n.The  senate  having  been  *  dis- 
missed we  may  go  away  home. 

1  Compound  with  aiv.         2  Compound  with  b.ir6. 


EXERCISE      LX. 

el/u,  ibo. 

Verbal  stem  Imperfect 

I  fjetv,  and  rja,  airfia 

I.  He  was  going  out  at  last.  2.  We  will  go  down  to  the 
Piraeus.  3.  Shall  I  go  up  to  the  Pnyx  ?  4.  Let  us  go  away. 
5.  Go  away.  6.  If  we  were  to  go  it  would  be  better.  7.  He 
went  away  after  an  interval.  8.  Would  that  they  may  cross 
the  river.  9.  Some  Arcadians  were  going  out  against  the 
Spartans  and  sharing  the  plunder. 

Use  Compounds  with  4k,  Hard,  avd  and  air6  throughout  this  Exercise. 


Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs.  35 

EXERCISE      LXI. 

ovLvrjfu,  to  assist, 
ovtvafiai,  Mid.  to  reap  lenejit. 
Verbal  stem     Future        Weak  Aorist  Strong  Aorist 

ova  ovrjcrw  a>vr)o~a  oovy]/u,?]v 

6vtfo-o/j,ai,  Mid.  a>vd/X7)V 

(both  forms  rare  in  Indicative) 

i.  You  benefit  us  with  your  ] constant  advice.  %.  2The  laws 
were  of  no  assistance  to  the  merchants.  3.  He  will  benefit 
others  by  becoming  an  example.  4.  The  rest  seeing  this  are 
benefited.  5.  They  were  profiting  by  being  punished.  6.  So 
then  he  profited  after  all  by  the  shock  he  received.  7.  May 
you  have  joy  of  your  children  ! 

1  Say,  "  always  advising."  2  In  this  sentence  use  uxpeKfw,  which 

supplies    the  Imperf.  Act.  of  ovlvvfit. 


Second  Class  oj    Verbs   in   fit. —  Where   vv  is    added 
between  the  Verbal  stem  and  fit. 


N.B. — Of  these  last  two  Verbs,  the  simple  form  of  the  first  is  very  rarely, 
and  that  of  the  second  is  never,  used. 


EXERCISE     LXI  I. 
tcardyvvfii,  to  break. 

Verbal  stem    Future  Aorist  Perfect  Aor.  Pass. 

ay        Kard^co     Karea^a  fcareaya  Kcnedyr\v 

with  Passive  sense 

1.  Brasidas  at  Pylos  bade  his  steersmen  break  their  own 
ships  in  forcing  a  landing.  2.  If  any  one  shall  have  broken  a 
lyre  will  the  harmony  perish?  3.  The  imitators  of  Spartan 
fashions,  says  Protagoras,  get  their  ears  battered,  in  imitation 
of  them.  4.  Boxers  at  the  present  day  are  spoken  of  rather 
as  among  those  who  have  had  their  heads  or  their  noses 
broken.  5.  If  he  shall  have  fallen  he  will  have  broken  his 
collar-bone.  6.  The  girl  wept  when  she  looked  at  the  broken 
doll.     7.  Take  and  break  the  shells  of  these  almonds. 


36  Irregular  and  Defective  Greek  Verbs. 

EXERCISE     LXIII. 

afifyikvwiu,  to  clothe. 
Verbal  stem  Future  Aorist  Perf.  Pass. 

e?  or  fe?  afM(f>ieaco  r)fA<filecra  rj[tfpi€o~fx,at, 

Attic  afMpico  rjfjL<f)iccrdfjLr)v 

I.  He  stripped  him  of  the  small  tunic,  and  put  his  own  on 
him.  2.  Will  he  clothe  evil  deeds  in  good  words  ?  3.  The 
man  who  yesterday  or  the  day  before  was  a  slave,  walks  about 
in  the  suburbs  dressed  in  a  long  flowing  robe.  4.  Socrates 
used  to  go  out  when  the  frost  was  severe,  with  his  bare  feet 
on  the  ice,  and  said,  I  am  sufficiently  clad.  5.  The  English- 
man, who  lately  rode  through  the  interior  of  Asia,  had  on  an 
^astonishing  amount  of  clothing,  for  .  the  winters  there  are 
tremendous. 

1  Say,  "had  been  wonderfully  clothed." 


37 


VOCABULARY. 


Accept,  to,  anoBe)(Ofiai 
Account,  of  a  voyage,  nepiirXovs 

Accuse,  to,  Karrjyopea 

Action,  epyov 

Advantage,  to  gain  an,  -rporepea — to 

nave,  -rXeoveKrea 
Admiral,  vavapxos 
Advise,  to,  vovderea,  Trapaiveoo 

Africa,  Kifivr- 

Aid,  with  the  aid  of,  <rvv,   or,  if  he 

will,  6i\(£> 
Allege,  to;  (pd(TK(o 

Almond,  dp.vy8a.Xos,  fj 

Almost,  oXiyov  8e7v,  or  oXiyov 

Already,  rjdr- 

Altar,  /3co/xo'r — at  the,  j3d>p.ios 

Ambition,  honourable,  cpiXortpia 

Angle,  an,  dy<i>v 

Appetite,  opegis 

Arbitration,  an,  Biatra 

Arcadian,  'ApKiis 

Archer,  rogorrjs 

Argue,  to,  BiaXeyecrdai 

Argument,  Xdyos 

Art,  Tf)(vrj 

Ashes,  o~tto86s,  r) 
Attend,  to,  7rpoo-ex-°  T0V  vovv 
Auburn,  £av66s 
Authority,  i^ovo-ia 

Bare  feet,  with,  dw-roh^rox 

Behind,  to  leave,  vnoXeinco 

Blow,  a,  -rX^yq 

Blue,  Kvdveos 

Boar,  m-irpos 

Boaster,  dXafav 

Bodily,  aupariKos 

Boldly,  Bappav 

Book,  avyypcKpT),  fiifiXos,  rj 


Bowl,  a,  (pidXr) 

Boxer,  itvkttjs 
Brave,  dvBpetos 
Brick,  a,  i-Xivdos,  r) 

Calumniation,  BiafioXr] 
Care,  i.e.  caution,  eVi/xe'Aaa 
Carelessness,  padvpia 
Carpenter,  t(kt<dv 

Cattle,    TTpofiaTO. 

Cause,  a,  atria 

Ceramicus,  Kepaptuos,  6 

Chair,  Bicppos 

Champion,  -rpo(rrdri]s 

Change,  p.€raj3oXfj 

Cheat,  to,  dnardco,  (pevanifa 

Check,  to,  dpeipya 

Clap,  to  clap  hands,  Kporea  rds  xf~ipas 

Collar-bone,  nXeis,  fj 

Colonize,  to,  clu'ifa 

Combustible,  elements,  rh  mio-ipa 

Comic,  representation,  part,  pass,  of 

Kco/xcoSe'ci) 
Commander,  o-rparijyos 
Common  weal,  the,  r6  koivov 
Commons,  House  of,  to  fiovXevriipiov 

Confute,  to,  eXeyxa 

Congratulate,  to,  paicapifa 
Connected,  to  be,  Kotvaveu 
Consider,  to,  o~K.tirrop.ai. 
Constitution,  noXireia 
Content,  to  be,  dyairdb),  artpyo) 

Contest,  a,  dywv 

Contrary,  to,  napd,  with  accus. 

Corcyraean,  Kepuvpahs 

Corrupt,  to,  Bia(p8eipa> 

Court,  a,  {i.e.  the  jurors),  ol  binao-rai 
Course,  Bpopos 
Cousin,  dveyfnos 


38 


Vocabulary. 


Cowardice,  StiXia 

Creator,  Aypiovpyds ,  or  6  aria-as 

Creature,  living,  (u>ov 

Crew,  avbpes 

Criminal,  a,  alnos  or  participle  of 

6(p\l<TKdl>(i> 

Cross,  to,  dtaPalveip 

Culture,  Tpo(pr) — pay  for,  to.  rpocpcla. 

Cunning,  rexvrl 

Curse  (pollution),  ayos,  to 

Customs  (dues),  re'Xrj 

Cut  down,  to,  KaraKOTTToa 

Dawn,  early,  '6p6pos  fiaQvs 
Decay,  to,  KaTao-rjiropat, 

Decisive  (with  no  decisive  result), 

anpaKTOS 

Decree,  to  pass  a,  yjrrj(pi£op.ai 

Demand,  to,  diraiTiai 

Description,  use  the  concrete,  '  a  de- 
scribes'  o~vyypa(pevs — to  describe, 
dnjyovpai 

Deserting,  XuroTugiov 

Despair,  dnovoia 

Desire,  iiriBvpla 

Destiny,  baipav 

Detail,  to,  Siegeipi 

Different,  to  be,  xwP'f  T0  P*v — T0  &* 

Direction,  in  this,  tovtt],  ivTavBa 

Disappoint,  to,  o-qbdXXa> 

Discourse,  Xoyoi 

Disgrace,  alo-xyvq 

Display,  magnificent,  peyaXoTrptnaa 

Distressed,  to  be,  axOopai,  of  physi- 
cal toil,  o~vvex°Pai 

Divine,  to,  pavrevopai 

Dockyard,  veapiov 

Doll,  8dyvs,  v8os,  17 

Domesticate,  to,  ridao-eva 

Dream,  a,  ovap  to 

Drink-offering,  a,  xocu' 

Drop,  to,  KaraftaXXd) 

Dull,  dpftXvs 

Dyer,  Saqbevs 

Elevated,  Koiicpos 

Empire,  dpxri — to  exercise,  apx°> 

Encouraging,  napaKX^TiKos 


Engineer,  apxirenTeov 

Englishman,  "AyyAos 

Enthral,  to,  Karabea) 

Entrust,  to,  eiriTpena 

Envy,  cpdovos 

Equally,  e£  'lo-ov,  with  dative 

Eruption,  pevjxa  or  pvag,  with  the 

verb  pica 
Example,  napdBeiypa 
Excuse,  to,  o-vyyivao-Ka 
Exile,  (pvyrj 
Expectation,  eKnis 
Expedition,  o-TpaTe'ia 
Expensive,  danaptjpos 

Faction,  oracrts 
Fade  away,  to,  cmop.apaivop.at. 
Fallaciously,  arofpio-TiKms 
Famous,  Xapirpos,  evboKipos 
Favour,  to  do  a,  x°-Plv  Sp<*<>> 
Favourable,  for  navigation,  7rXd>'ipos, 

— of  a  breeze,  ovpios — favourably, 

Tvpaws 
Flood,  to,  Sta/3pe'xci> 
Fool,  poopos,  aVOTjTOS 
Folly,  papia,  livoia 
For,  (on  behalf  of),  vntp,  with  gen. 
Force,  {i.e.  army),  crrpaTos,  ftvvapts, 

— to  force,  fiid(opai 

Forenoon,  dyopd  TrX^dovaa 

Fort,  Telxos>  TfixicrlJ-a 

Fountain,  7777717 

Freedom,  iXevdepla 

French,  the,  ol  TaXdrai 

Front,  the,  to  npoadev 

Frost,  ndyos 

Fuel,  (ppvyava,  or  £vXa  Kavaipa 

Fugitive,  cpvyds 

Future,  for  the,  els  top  vo-Tepopxpovop 

Gain,  Kep8os,  Xrjppa 

Garland,  to  wear  a,  a-Tecpavovpai 

Garment,  Ipdriov 

General,  o~TpaTrjyos 

Girl,  Koprj 

Goal,  fiaXftls,  ZSoj,  77 

Glen,  vdm] 

Good,  no,  ovdip  ocptXos 


Vocabulary. 


39 


Guard,  to,  (pvXdo~ara> 
Guilty,  a'irios 

Habits,  tTnrt]8evfiaTa,  c£eis 
Handicraft,  t-qpiovpyia 
Handle,  to,  dnTopai,  genitive 
Hare,  Xayas,  6 
Harm,  no,  obbev  tTrtyQovov 
Harmony,  dppovia 

Headlong,  eVt  necpaXrjV 

Health,  iyUta,  evetjia 

Help,  to,  to^eXeo),  withacCUS.,  firapnea, 

with  dat. 
Hereafter,  va-repov 
Hire,  to,  pi.crdovp.ai 
Historiau,  o-vyypa(pevs 
Honour,  to  <akov 
Horseback,  on,  i<p'  tntrov 
Horrors,    say    "  what    (oo-a)    they 

suffered  " 
House,  a,  oiVa 
How    many,    iroVof  —  how    often, 

TTOO-aKlS 

Humanity ,  ties  of,  (piXavSpania 
Hunger,  Xipos 
Hurdle,  pty,  pnros,  fj 

Ice,    KpV(TTa\\0S 

Idleness,  dpyia,  paOvpia 

Ignorant,  dpaBrjs 

Illness,  vocros,  rj 

Imitate,    to,    pipovpai — to    imitate 

Spartan  fashions,  Xaiecovlfa 
Impossible,  it  is,  ovk  eo-0'  onus 
Inaccessible,  a^aros 
Income,  ovala,  npog-obos,  f] 
Incur  peril,  to,  a'lpopai  Kivbwov 
Incredulous,  aVicrros 
Indictment,  ypa(pr) 
Indolent,  dpyos 
Infamy,  d8o£i'a 
Informer,  nrjwrfjs 

Inglorious,  di<Xer]s,  aSo£o? 

Inheritance,  KXrjpos, 
Injustice,  to  commit  an,  adiKtco 
Innocent,  avainos 
Inquire,  tn,  tgerufa 
Insignificant,  rairtivos 


Insolent,  daeXyrjs 
Instrument,  opyavov 
Intelligence,  cpp6vr]o-is 
Interior,  peo~oyeia 
Interval,  after  an,  8iaXvrra>v 
Invoke,  to,  e7riKaXovpai 
Involuntarily,  d/covo-tW 

Jerusalem,  to.  'lepoaoXvpa 

Just  nOW,  apTl 

Land,  on,  x(P<Ta^0s 
Landing,  a,  dnofiao-is 
Lawgiver,  vopoBtT-qs 
Lawsuit,  hiKT) 

Lava-flood,  6  pva£  tov  nvpos 
Layer,  enifioXrj 
Lead,  white,  ^npv6ioi> 
Least,  at  the,  to  ye  €kd\iaTov 
Leg,  aiceXos,  to 
Leisure,  o~x°^V 

Let,  to,  piadoa) 

Liable,  ohs,  with  infin.— to  trial, 
i'voxos,  with  dative 

Likely,  it  is,  cIkos  io-ri  with  infln., 
or  Kiv&weva  generally  used  per- 
sonally, sometimes  impersonally  ; 

also  peXXa 

Look  on  and  allow,  to,  nepiopdv 

Magistrate,  apx^v 

Magnificent  display,  pfyaXoTrperreia 

Malefactor,  KaKovpyos 

Manslaughter,  trial  for,  cpoviKal  Sikcii 

Marathon,  hero  of,  Mapadavopdxns 

Mark,  o-koitos 

Market-place,  dyopd 

Mass,  irXfjOos 

Master  (of  a  slave),  deo-iroTTjs 

Mean,  to,  {SovXopai,  voea> 

Meet,  to,  7rpocrTvyxdva> 

Merchant,  epnopos 

Mina,  pvd 

Mind,  hidvoia,  vovs 

Misfortune,  drvxla 

Moment,  in  a,  evBvs,  avTUa — at  this 

moment,  iv  t«  Trapdvri 
Month,  prjv,  6 


40 


Vocabulary. 


Murderer,  cpoveis 

MllSlC,  f]  povo~lKrj 

National,  ohelos 

Near,  as,  as  possible,  6ti  iyyvrara 

New-fangled,  naivos 

Nose,    pis,   piVOS,  T) 

Nonsense,  to  talk,  (p\vaptu> 

Oath,  an,  SpKos 
Obey,  to,  ireidop,ai. 
Object,  {Sovk-qais 
Occasion,  on  eacb,  emo-Tore 
Offence,  dpdpTrjpa 
Officer,  v7TT}peTT]s 
Opinion,  86{ja 
Orator,  prjrcop 

Order,  to,  eiriTeWco,  KeXevco 

Ostracise,  to,  do-rpa/a'£a> 
Overbearing,  vireprj(pavos 
Overlook,  to,  irepiopda 

Painful,  eniirovos,  Xvirrjpos 

Palace,  fiaalXeiov 

Pang,  nddos 

Partnership,  a-wova-ia 

Pass,  to,  Bidyeiv,  the  past,  to.  irapoi- 

Xopeva 
Penalty,  to  pay,  Biktjv  or  BUas  8iB6vai 
People,  the,  6  Brjpos 
Perform,  to,  inireXeca 
Perhaps,  iVws 
Persons,  a-mpara 
Personal,  I'Sior 
Piety,  eixre^eia 
Piraeus,  Tleipaievs 
Pit,  a,  (3dpa6pov 
Plant,  a,  cpvTov 
Plataean,  a,  nXaraievs 
Pleasure,  t]8ovtj 
Plunder,    to,    Biapirdfa,    Xrji£op,ai — 

subst.  dpirayr),  Xet'a 
Possible,  as  soon  as,  ws  ra^tora 
Posterity,  ol  iiviyt.yv6p.evoi 
Practise,  to,  iiYiT-qBtva 
Preferable,  alpeT&Ttpos 


Press  on,  to,  iireiyopat, 
Price,  Xoyo? 
Prisoner,  alxpaXooros 
Prize  of  valour,  ra  dpio-rela 
Probably,  use  KivBvveva>.  See  Likely 
Property,  rot  xpwaTa>  or  ra  virdpxovra 
Proportion  in,  oaa>,  with  comparative, 

followed  by  another  comparative, 

with  roo-ovra 
Provided,  to  be  well,  evnopim,  with 

genitive 
Provisions,  ra  eVrnjSeta 
Prudent,  aaxppav 
Public  service,  a,  Xetrovpyia 
Punish,  to,  KoXdfco 
Pure,  dyvos 
Purpose,  yvapr) 
Purposely,  eVtrijSef 
Put  Out  to  sea,  to,  dvdyopai 

Quarter,  from  any  other,  aXXodev 
Question,    questioning,    ra    eparw- 

peva,  epwrrjo-is,  further  question, 

to  errepaiTapevov 
Quiet,  fjo-vxia 

Quit  of,  to  be,  dnaXXdrTeo-dai 
Eate,  at  any,  yovv 

Rational  principle,  the,  to  Xoyio-riKdv 
Read,  to  read,  dvaywao-Koi 
Really,  tw  ovti 
Recover,  to,  dvafiioco 
Reflect,  to,  iwoovpai 

Relations,  ol  oltceloi,  ol  irpoo-rjKovTes 

Remediable,  Ido-tpos 

Repent,    to,   perapeXet   impersonal, 

with  genitive  of  things  and  dative 

of  persons 
Reputation,  to  have,  BoKtlv  or  B6i-av 

i'xelv>  Xeyopat, 
Require,  to,  Biopai 
Resolve,  to,  irpoa.ipovp.at. 
Result,  with  no  decisive,  airpaicTos, 

the  result  has  been,  o-vpfieftrjKe 
Retreat,  a,  use  the  Verb  to  retreat, 

uvaxo)pe(o 
Reverence,  to,  crefiopai 
Ride,  to,  e(f)   lirirov  iropevto'dai 

Robe,  a  long,  £vo-rls 


Vocabulary 


41 


Roll,  muster-roll,  xardXoyos 
Ruin,  to,  cr<£riAAa>,  dn6Wvp.t 
Runner,  a,  8pop.cvs 

Safe,  ucr^aXijj 
Satisfaction,  8inr)  or  8Uai 
Scorpion,  o-Kopnlos 

Self-sown,  avro(pvr]S 

Sell,  to,  TrnrpdaKw 

Senator,  fiovXevrrjs 

Senselessly,  dXoyio-ras 

Service,  evepywia,  a  public  service, 

XciTovpyla 

Severe,  Seivos 
Share,  to  have  a,  /iere'xw 
Shell  (husk),  KtXvcpos 
Shock,  to  receive  a,  vapKua 
Shop-keeper,  Kanri'Xos 
Shortly,  (Bpaxevs,  Sid  (ipax^v 
Shrewdness,  dyx^oia 
Signal,  a,  0-rjp.ciov 
Skilful,  Beivos 
Snow,  xl<^v>  V 
Social  union,  6/xiXi'a 
Song,  aapa,  to 

South,  the,  votos 
Sovereignty,  (3a<ri\e(a 
Spear,  Xoyx7? 

Spectacle,  dea,  6ea>pr]<ns 

Spectator,  6earr]i 

Stand  a  trial,  to,  Kpi<riv  vnoax^v 

Start,  to,  6pp.iop.ai 

Startle,  to,  (K7t\t]o-o-(o 

Steersman,  KvfiepvrjTTjs 

Sting,  nevrpov 

Storm,  x€lVLI*>v 

Strange,  cItottos 

Stupid,  dyvapiov 

Suburb,  npodo-Tfiov 

Successful,  to  be,  to  bring  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue,  KaropOoa,  active  and 
neuter 

Suffer,  to  (of  a  sickness),  icdpvw 

Sufficient,  sufficiently,  Ikovos,  iKavas 

Suppliant,  keV»?s 

Sure,  to  be,  /xe'XXco,  to  be  sure  (ad- 
verb), ttuvtoss  nov,  Kai  p.d\a 

Surely  (in  an  oath),  rj  prj" 


Swim,  to,  i/eo),  vi)xop.ai — swimmingly, 
goes   on,    say  "sails   with  (nard) 
the  wind  " 
Sympathize,  crui/aXyew 
Symplegades,  at  2t/a7rXj7yd8e? 

Teacher,  8i8d<Tica\os 

Temple,  veu>s 

Tend,  to,  reiva 

Tender  to  (of  an  oath),  8iB6vai 

Thank-offering,  xaPt°"rhpl0V 

Thin,  X€7ttos 

Think,  right  to,  d£idw 

Thoughts,  vovs 

Time,  in  good,  els  <aip6v 

To-morrow,  ij  avpiou 

Too  great  for,  p.ciCav  rj  Kara 

Touch,  the,  imftoXri 

Traitor,  7rpoSoVr?y 

Trader,  KdnrjXos 

Treat  well,  tiiroieu — be  treated  well, 

(i  Trd(rx<o 
Tribute,  <p6pos 
Trifling,  p.iKp6s,  cpXavpos 
Trireme,  rpiTjprjs,  tj 
Troubles,  npdyp.aTa 
Tremendous,  Seivos 
Try,  to,  7Tf(p£)pai 
Tunic,  xiT<°v 

Unfriendly,  dvavovs 
United  action,  Koivwvia 
Unprepared,  dirapdo-Ktvos 
Urn,  Xe/3?/s,  6 

Use,  OCpfkog,  TO 

Vain,    in,   pdTTjv—a    vain   boaster, 

d\a£a>u 

Vengeance,  to  take,  npapovp-ai. 
Violence,  /3/a,  /3t'atoV  n 
Viper,  e'xty,  6 
Vote,  a,  ^rjcpos,  f) 

Wall,  relxos 

Walk,  to,  jBablfa,  ntpnraTfco — a  walk, 

TTepinaTos,  6 
Wanting,  eXXnrrjs 

6 


42 


Vocabulary. 


Way  to  make,  nepalveiv — in  the  same 
way,  ravrd — in  many  ways,  no\- 
Xaxfj 

Wealthy,  ttXovo-ios 

Weighty,  Seifds 

Well-provided,  to  be,  eiiropea 

White,  \evKos 

White-lead,  yj/ipvQiov 

Wholesale,  a6p6os 

Winter,  x(l^u 


Wool,  epiov 
Wonderful,  Bavpavros 
Writings,  ypappara,  avyypacpai 


Year,   iviavros — this   year,  i-ijTfs — 

last  year,  nepvo-i 
Yesterday,   x^s — tne    day    before, 

TTparjv 
Youth,  a,  peipaKiov,  veavias 


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PA 

537        Thackeray 

_ 

T32e     Exercises 
irregular 

on  the 
and 

defective   Greek 

verbs 

T 

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